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. 2017 Jun 14;7:3513. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-03489-z

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Functional characterization of T3SS in the EPEC/ETEC hybrid isolates. Immunoblot analysis for EspB in the supernatants of traditional EPEC (E2348/69 and 402290), ETEC (H10407), and the EPEC/ETEC hybrid isolates (102651, 102712, 102771, and 401140) grown in DMEM with high glucose (A) or with low glucose (B). Included as a negative control is E. coli CVD452, which is an isogenic T3SS-deficient ∆escN mutant of E2348/69⁴⁹ and ETEC (H10407) which lacks a T3SS²⁸. The first lane of each image contains the Chameleon Duo pre-stained protein ladder (Li-Cor). Under both conditions all of the EPEC/ETEC isolates have a functional T3SS as determined by the EspB secreted protein. The EPEC/ETEC isolates are indicated in bold.