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. 2017 Jun 14;7:3491. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-03675-z

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Andrographolide (ANDRO) inhibits IL-1β expression through NFκB inhibition. HepG2 cells were incubated for 24 h with palmitic acid to induce lipid droplet accumulation. Then, cells were stimulated with Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) (1000 ng/ml) for 24 h in the presence or absence of ANDRO (50 μM). (A) interleukin-1β (IL-1β) gene expression. (B) IL-1β protein levels in the supernatant fraction were analyzed by ELISA. (C) Fat-laden HepG2 cells were co-transfected with NFκB transcription factor-responsive firefly luciferase and Renilla luciferase constructs and treated with LPS (1000 ng/ml), ANDRO (50 μM) or both. (D) IL-6 protein levels in the supernatant fraction. Statistical significance was evaluated using ANOVA with a post-hoc Bonferroni multiple-comparison test (**p ≤ 0.01 and ***p ≤ 0.001).