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. 2017 Jun 14;7:3486. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-02358-z

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Glucocorticoids modulate EMT-related markers that were stimulated by TGF-β1 in human primary nasal epithelial cells. Cells were pretreated with or without dexamethasone (Dex, 2.5 μM) and fluticasone propionate (FP, 2.5 μM) and then stimulated with TGF-β1 (5 ng/ml). (A) The mRNA for EMT-related markers was determined by real-time PCR. Data were normalized to GAPDH. (B) The protein levels and localization of EMT-related markers were observed by immunofluorescence. Images were acquired by confocal laser scanning microscope. Representative fluorescein immunocytochemical staining is depicted with E-cadherin (red), α-SMA (green), vimentin (green), fibronectin (red) and nuclear DAPI (blue). Scale bar = 20 μm. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. Three primary cell lines from different donors were used. Experiments were performed in at least triplicate and repeated at least three times. *p < 0.05 vs. control; ^†p < 0.05 vs. TGF-β1.