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. 2017 Jun 14;7:3486. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-02358-z

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Glucocorticoids reduce TGF-β1-induced EMT in ex vivo organ cultures of the nasal inferior turbinate. Nasal inferior turbinate tissues were cultured and pretreated with or without dexamethasone (Dex, 2.5 μM) and fluticasone propionate (FP, 2.5 μM) and then stimulated with TGF-β1 (10 ng/ml). The mRNA for EMT-related markers was determined by (A) semiquantitative RT-PCR and (B) western blot. Data were normalized to GAPDH and β-actin expression. (C) Representative hematoxylin and eosin and fluorescein immunohistochemical staining for E-cadherin (red), α-SMA (green), vimentin (green), fibronectin (red) and nuclear DAPI (blue). Scale bar = 50 μm. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. Ex vivo organ cultures from different donors were used. Results were from at least three independent experiments. *p < 0.05 vs. control; ^†p < 0.05 vs. TGF-β1.