Table 2.

Results of the association test between differential DNA methylation and the five gene modules.

Gene module	DMR genes in module	Genes in module	DMR genes not in module	Genes not in module	p-value
Module 1	2	713	492	37,156	1.00
Module 2	15	1,363	479	36,506	0.78
Module 3	5	537	489	37,332	0.83
Module 4	19	1,586	475	36,283	0.68
Module 5	21	1,605	473	36,264	0.53

After identifying differentially methylated regions (DMRs), genes whose promoters overlapped with DMRs were investigated. Fisher's exact test was then used to evaluate the hypothesis that DMR-overlapping genes were observed more frequently in the modules compared with not in the modules. The results showed no significant association between differential DNA methylation and the five gene modules.