Table 2.
Insulin peak concentration (at 1 min), suprabasal AUC for insulin and glucose concentrations, beta cell function (BCF) and measures derived from the IVGTT, plus percent contribution to glucose disappearance of insulin‐independent (S G) and insulin‐dependent (AUCinsulin) processes, when GLP‐1 and GIP are given together with glucose at 3.0 nmol/kg
| Glucose only (0.35 g/kg) | Glucose + Incretin hormones at maximal dose (3.0 nmol/kg) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GIP | GLP‐1 | GIP + GLP‐1 | ||
| Peak insulin (pmol/L) | 1056 ± 46 | 2198 ± 144b | 2042 ± 167b | 2024 ± 188b |
| ΔAUCinsulin (min·nmol/L) | 3.85 ± 0.41 | 11.43 ± 1.11b | 8.39 ± 0.98 | 11.06 ± 1.51b |
| AUCglucose (min·mol/L) | 555 ± 11 | 455 ± 17b | 474 ± 16a | 423 ± 18b |
| BCF (mmolinsulin/molglucose) | 0.022 ± 0.001 | 0.048 ± 0.003b | 0.037 ± 0.004 | 0.049 ± 0.005b |
| Glucose tolerance, K G (%min−1) | 2.05 ± 0.09 | 4.76 ± 0.32b | 4.43 ± 0.33a | 5.25 ± 0.45b |
| Insulin sensitivity, S I (10−4 min−1/[pmol/L]) | 1.10 ± 0.06 | 0.92 ± 0.05 | 1.21 ± 0.08 | 1.11 ± 0.08 |
| Glucose effectiveness, S G (min−1) | 0.045 ± 0.003 | 0.072 ± 0.004b | 0.066 ± 0.005a | 0.082 ± 0.007b |
| Percent contribution to glucose disappearance of processes (±coefficient of variation, as SD) | ||||
| Insulin independent (S G) | 61.3 ± 1.6 | 75.8 ± 6.4 | 34.6 ± 1.8 | 38.2 ± 6.1 |
| Insulin dependent (AUCinsulin) | 38.7 ± 1.6 | 24.2 ± 6‐4 | 65.4 ± 1.8 | 61.8 ± 6.1 |
a
P‐value range between 0.0004 and 0.040.
b
P < 0.0001 (both for comparison with the corresponding values of glucose only).