Fig. 1. Identification of metal-associated proteomes by integration of metalloproteomics with quantitative proteomics using Bi³⁺ as an example. (A) Bi³⁺-TRACER-based approach for tracking Bi-binding proteomes in live cells, including those weakly or transiently bound. (B) GE-ICP-MS for identification of Bi-binding proteins with high affinity. (C) iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomics for profiling bismuth-regulated proteins.