Table 2.
Available case analysis of cure and egg reduction rates of 20 mg/kg, 40 mg/kg, and 60 mg/kg praziquantel versus placebo against intestinal schistosomiasis in PSAC and SAC based on Kato-Katz and POC-CCA
|
Preschool-aged children (PSAC) |
School-aged children (SAC) |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Placebo | Praziquantel 20 mg/kg | Praziquantel 40 mg/kg | Praziquantel 60 mg/kg | Placebo | Praziquantel 20 mg/kg | Praziquantel 40 mg/kg | Praziquantel 60 mg/kg | ||
| Kato-Katz | |||||||||
| Infected children before treatment | 35 | 37 | 36 | 35 | 42 | 46 | 45 | 41 | |
| Cured children after treatment | 13 (37·1%; 21·5–55·1) | 23 (62·2%;44·8–77·5) | 26 (72·2%;54·8–85·8) | 25 (71·4%;53·7–85·4) | 5 (11·9%;4·0–25·6) | 14 (30·4%;17·7–45·8) | 31 (68·9%;53·4–81·8) | 34 (82·9%;67·9–92·8) | |
| Cured children by infection intensity† | |||||||||
| Low | 11/27 | 19/27 | 23/30 | 21/26 | 5/24 | 11/25 | 16/17 | 19/20 | |
| Moderate | 2/6 | 4/8 | 3/6 | 3/8 | 0/14 | 3/16 | 10/15 | 9/10 | |
| Heavy | 0/2 | 0/2 | 0/0 | 1/1 | 0/4 | 0/5 | 5/13 | 6/11 | |
| Geometric mean EPG | |||||||||
| Before treatment | 40·0 | 31·7 | 24·7 | 39·4 | 71·7 | 76·5 | 84·1 | 80·2 | |
| After treatment | 7·9 | 2·9 | 1·3 | 1·7 | 31·5 | 12·1 | 1·4 | 0·7 | |
| Egg reduction rate | 80·1% (66·3–88·9) | 90·7% (82·0–95·7) | 94·8% (89·1–98·0) | 95·8% (90·2–98·5) | 56·0% (36·9–69·7) | 84·2% (70·9–91·5) | 98·3% (96·7–99·3) | 99·1% (97·9–99·8) | |
| Arithmetic mean EPG | |||||||||
| Before treatment | 112·3 | 140·1 | 56·5 | 87·6 | 179·6 | 193·7 | 220·3 | 292 | |
| After treatment | 45·6 | 26·8 | 9·0 | 16·1 | 132·9 | 80·2 | 7·3 | 29·4 | |
| Egg reduction rate | 59·4% (21·6–76·3) | 80·9% (56·4–88·6) | 84·1% (61·9–94·6) | 81·6% (57·1–94·6) | 26·0% (0–58·5) | 58·6% (24·1–75·9) | 96·7% (93·2–98·0) | 89·9% (61·9–99·5) | |
| POC-CCA*(with “trace” as positive) | |||||||||
| Infected children before treatment | 28 | 26 | 25 | 24 | 37 | 42 | 39 | 40 | |
| Cured children after treatment | 6 (21·4%; 8·3–40·9) | 4 (15·4%; 4·4–34·9) | 8 (32·0%; 14·9–53·5) | 8 (33·3%; 15·6–55·3) | 4 (10·8%; 3·0–25·4) | 8 (19·0%; 8·6–34·1) | 15 (38·5%; 23·4–55·4) | 22 (55·0%; 38·5–70·7) | |
| POC-CCA (with “trace'” as negative) | |||||||||
| Infected children before treatment | 24 | 23 | 21 | 23 | 33 | 38 | 35 | 35 | |
| Cured children after treatment | 4 (16·7%; 4·7–37·4) | 5 (21·7%; 7·5–43·7) | 7 (33·3%; 14·6–57·0) | 12 (52·2%; 30·6–73·2) | 4 (12·1%; 3·4–28·2) | 11 (28·9%; 15·4–45·9) | 16 (45·7%; 28·9–63·3) | 23 (65·7%; 47·8–80·9) | |
Data are n, n (%), n/N, or n (%; 95% CI). EPG=eggs per gram. POC-CCA=Point-of-Care Circulating Cathodic Antigen cassette test.
POC-CCA tests were applied on the first urine sample collected from each participant on the first day of collection. Among PSAC and SAC, respectively (seven vs five) in placebo, (11 vs four) in 20 mg/kg, (11 vs six) in 40 mg/kg, and (11 vs one) in 60 mg/kg did not provide urine samples on the first day of urine collection
Schistosoma mansoni infection intensity was stratified into low (1–99 EPG), moderate (100–399 EPG), and heavy (≥400 EPG) infection.