Table 1.
Distribution of age, gender, ethnic group and mean HbA1C
| Characteristics | No DR n = 90 |
NPDR n = 90 |
t statistic (df) |
p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 52.16 (5.87) | 51.21 (5.20) | 1.142 | 0.225 a |
| Gender (n, %) | ||||
| Male | 51 (56.70) | 40 (44.40) | 2.689 | 0.101b |
| Female | 39 (43.30) | 50 (55.60) | ||
| Ethnicity (n, %) | ||||
| Malay | 73 (81.10) | 75 (83.30) | 3.958 | 0.138b |
| Chinese | 11 (12.20) | 14 (15.60) | ||
| Indian | 6 (6.70) | 1 (1.10) | ||
| HbA1C (%) | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 7.84 (2.01) | 9.59 (2.27) | 5.467 | < 0.001a |
DR Diabetic Retinopathy, NPDR Non-Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy, SD Standard Deviation
aIndependent T-test, bChi Square, p value <0.05 significant