Table 3.

Parameters of the Diagnostic Yield Table.

Disease Status	+	+	Δ+	−	−	Δ−
Absent	p0ξ0	p0τ0	p0(τ0 − ξ0)	p0(1 − ξ0)	p0(1 − ξ0)	−p0(τ0 − ξ0)
Present	p1ξ1	p1τ1	p1(τ1 − ξ1)	p1(1 − ξ1)	p1(1 − τ1)	−p1(τ1 − ξ1)
Ratio	${{\theta }_1^{\ast }}^{-1}$	θ1−1	$r_e^{-1}$	${{\theta }_1^{\ast }}^{-1}$	θ0−1	$r_e^{-1}$

Adverse events among subjects falsely testing positive†:
FP AEs	αp0ξ0	αp0τ0	αp0(τ0 − ξ0)
ΔFP AEs/ΔTP			$\alpha r_e^{-1}$

p_d = P_r(D = d)

τ_d = P_r(T = 1|D = d)

ξ_d = P_r(S = 1|D = d)

$P_s^{\ast }=Pr(D=1\mid S=s);{\theta }_s^{\ast }=P_s^{\ast }/(1-P_s^{\ast })=\text{odds}\text{of}\text{disease}\text{given}S=s$, s = 0,1

P_t = P_r(D = 1|T = t); θ_t = P_t/(1 − P_t) = odds of disease given T= t, t = 0,1

r_e = p₁(τ₁ − ξ₁)/p₀(τ₀ − ξ₀) = ratio of relative importance FP:FN or cost benefit C:B at which tests S and T have the same expected utility.

^†α = Pr(AE|Treat) = risk of adverse event during subsequent management of a test positive subject.