Table 2.
Multilevel multivariable linear regression models of association between parity and cardiac volumes and mass
| Parity | |||||||||||
| ≥5 vs 0 | 4 vs 0 | 3 vs 0 | 2 vs 0 | 1 vs 0 | |||||||
| β Estimate (SE)* | p Value | β Estimate (SE)* | p Value | β Estimate (SE)* | p Value | β Estimate (SE)* | p Value | β Estimate (SE)* | p Value | ||
|
EDV
(mL) |
Model 1 | 8.83 (3.2) | 0.01 | 8.42 (3.1) | 0.01 | 8.45 (3.4) | 0.01 | 7.57 (2.7) | 0.01 | 2.08 (2.8) | 0.45 |
| Model 2 | 7.00 (2.6) | 0.01 | 6.31 (2.5) | 0.01 | 7.17 (2.4) | 0.00 | 7.11 (2.2) | 0.00 | 2.47 (2.4) | 0.30 | |
| Model 3 | 7.11 (2.6) | 0.01 | 6.02 (2.4) | 0.01 | 7.34 (2.3) | 0.00 | 7.24 (2.2) | 0.00 | 2.37 (2.3) | 0.30 | |
| Model 4 | 8.27 (2.9) | 0.00 | 6.29 (2.5) | 0.01 | 7.28 (2.3) | 0.00 | 8.17 (2.7) | 0.00 | 2.06 (2.5) | 0.41 | |
|
ESV
(mL) |
Model 1 | 4.30 (1.4) | 0.00 | 3.46 (1.2) | 0.01 | 3.27 (1.3) | 0.01 | 3.28 (1.3) | 0.01 | 1.86 (1.2) | 0.11 |
| Model 2 | 3.12 (1.3) | 0.02 | 2.27 (1.1) | 0.03 | 2.41 (1.0) | 0.02 | 2.78 (1.2) | 0.02 | 1.75 (1.1) | 0.11 | |
| Model 3 | 3.12 (1.3) | 0.02 | 2.09 (1.0) | 0.04 | 2.52 (1.0) | 0.01 | 2.84 (1.2) | 0.01 | 1.66 (1.1) | 0.12 | |
| Model 4 | 3.12 (1.4) | 0.03 | 1.94 (1.1) | 0.07 | 2.34 (1.0) | 0.02 | 2.96 (1.3) | 0.03 | 1.36 (1.2) | 0.25 | |
|
LAVI
(mL/m2) |
Model 1 | 3.19 (1.3) | 0.02 | 3.50 (1.3) | 0.01 | 2.00 (1.2) | 0.09 | 1.58 (1.2) | 0.17 | 1.28 (1.3) | 0.32 |
| Model 2 | 2.68 (1.3) | 0.05 | 3.26 (1.3) | 0.01 | 1.75 (1.2) | 0.15 | 1.45 (1.2) | 0.22 | 1.31 (1.3) | 0.31 | |
| Model 3 | 2.70 (1.3) | 0.04 | 3.21 (1.3) | 0.02 | 1.81 (1.2) | 0.13 | 1.51 (1.2) | 0.20 | 1.32 (1.3) | 0.31 | |
| Model 4 | 2.69 (1.4) | 0.06 | 3.10 (1.4) | 0.03 | 1.81 (1.2) | 0.14 | 1.78 (1.2) | 0.15 | 1.09 (1.3) | 0.41 | |
| LVM (gm) | Model 1 | 24.85 (7.9) | 0.00 | 26.68 (6.0) | 0.00 | 7.53 (4.8) | 0.11 | 11.30 (4.5) | 0.01 | 9.54 (5.3) | 0.07 |
| Model 2 | 17.04 (6.5) | 0.01 | 19.60 (4.9) | 0.00 | 2.63 (5.5) | 0.63 | 9.74 (3.8) | 0.01 | 9.54 (4.4) | 0.03 | |
| Model 3 | 16.64 (6.6) | 0.01 | 19.38 (5.1) | 0.00 | 2.75 (5.6) | 0.62 | 9.46 (3.8) | 0.01 | 9.26 (4.5) | 0.04 | |
| Model 4 | 15.20 (6.7) | 0.02 | 20.01 (5.4) | 0.00 | 2.50 (5.5) | 0.65 | 9.64 (4.0) | 0.02 | 9.16 (4.6) | 0.05 | |
| LVEF (%) | Model 1 | −2.04 (1.1) | 0.07 | −0.92 (1.0) | 0.37 | −0.58 (1.0) | 0.55 | −1.03 (1.0) | 0.30 | −1.67 (1.0) | 0.09 |
| Model 2 | −1.37 (1.1) | 0.22 | −0.40 (1.0) | 0.68 | −0.12 (0.9) | 0.90 | −0.56 (1.0) | 0.55 | −1.29 (1.0) | 0.18 | |
| Model 3 | −1.32 (1.1) | 0.24 | −0.35 (1.0) | 0.73 | −0.16 (0.9) | 0.87 | −0.57 (1.0) | 0.55 | −1.23 (1.0) | 0.21 | |
| Model 4 | −0.76 (1.1) | 0.52 | −0.16 (1.0) | 0.88 | −0.19 (0.9) | 0.85 | −0.41 (1.0) | 0.69 | −1.20 (1.0) | 0.25 | |
*β Estimate is the estimated change in outcome variable per unit change in predictor if all other variables remain constant.
EDV, end-diastolic volume; ESV, end-systolic volume; LAVI, left atrial volume index; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LVM, left ventricular mass.
Model 1: Age
Model 2: Age, BMI, SBP, diabetes or pre-diabetes and anti-hypertension medication use
Model 3: Smoking status, total and HDL cholesterol in addition to variables in model 2
Model 4: Education and household income in addition to variables in model 3