| - History of childhood head/neck irradiation [113] |
| - Total body irradiation for bone marrow transplantation [114] |
| - Exposure to ionizing radiation from fallout in childhood or adolescence [115, 116] |
| - Family history of PTC, MTC, or thyroid cancer syndrome (e.g., Cowden’s syndrome, familial polyposis, Carney complex, multiple endocrine neoplasia [MEN] 2, Werner syndrome) [117] |
| - Enlarging nodule/rapid nodule growth |
| - Cervical lymphadenopathy |
| - Fixed nodule to surrounding tissue |
| - Vocal cord paralysis/hoarseness |
