Table 5.
Outcome depending on relevant detected pathogen for adult patients
| Viral | Bacterial | Mixed | No pathogen | p-value a | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 40) | (n = 36) | (n = 6) | (n = 100) | Viral vs. bacterial | Viral vs. mixed | Viral vs. no pathogen | |
| LOS inpatients, median days (IQR) | 8 (6–21) | 21 (13–35) | 11.5 (5–44.25) | 15 (8–23.5) | <0.001 | 0.67 | 0.03 |
| Complications, n (%) | |||||||
| ICU admission | 11 (27.5) | 13 (36.1) | 3 (50.0) | 24 (24.0) | 0.42 | 0.51 | 0.67 |
| Mechanical ventilation | 6 (15.0) | 11 (30.6) | 3 (50.0) | 19 (19.0) | 0.11 | 0.16 | 0.58 |
| ARDS | 3 (7.5) | 5 (13.9) | 2 (33.3) | 6 (6.0) | 0.60 | 0.24 | 1.00 |
| Sepsis | 24 (60.0) | 24 (66.7) | 5 (83.3) | 6 (6.0)b | 0.55 | 0.53 | n/a |
| Mortality (all cause) | 4 (10.0) | 4 (11.1) | 1 (16.7) | 6 (6.0) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.62 |
| Antibiotic use (any indication) | |||||||
| Any inpatient antibiotics, n (%) | 30/35 (85.7) | 29/32 (90.6) | 4/6 (66.7) | 72/89 (80.9) | 0.81 | 0.54 | 0.53 |
| Duration of inpatient use, mean days ± SD (range) | 12.5 ± 14.3 (0–63) | 18.1 ± 16.0 (0–72) | 10.3 ± 12.1 (0–31) | 10.8 ± 11.4 (0–63) | 0.14 | 0.73 | 0.49 |
| Discharged receiving oral antibiotics, n (%) | 11 (30.6)c | 17 (53.1)d | 1 (20.0)e | 23 (24.5)f | 0.06 | 1.00 | 0.48 |
ARDS acute respiratory distress syndrome, ICU intensive care unit, IQR interquartile range, LOS length of stay, n number, SD standard deviation
aFor continuous variables, 2-sample independent t-test or Mann-Whitney-U-test were used. For categorical variables, Mantel-Haenszel chi square or Fisher exact test were used
bSepsis requires a pathogen per definition. In these six cases sepsis was exceptionally defined according to discharge papers
Missing values due to death or ongoing hospitalisation at time of analysis (number): c4; d4; e1; f6. For calculation of percentage and p-value missing values were excluded