Table 4.

Significant comparisons between anti- to pro-inflammatory cytokine ratios according to the severity of the disease (Panel A) and the presence of severe sepsis (Panel B) in patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP)

Cytokine ratio	Cytokine level (pg/ml)		p-value
Panel A
	Severe CAP	Non severe CAP
Serum
IL-4/IL-8	0.03 (0.01–0.15)	0.12 (0.04–0.22)	0.038
IL-4/IFNγ	0.90 (0.02–2.16)	1.64 (0.31–4.09)	0.047
IL-4/IL-1	1.20 (0.32–1.35)	1.60 (1.15–2.34)	0.001
IL-4/IL-1b	1.26 (0.47–1.77)	1.60 (1.20–2.24)	0.035
IL-10/IL-8	0.05 (0.02–0.16)	0.12 (0.05–0.20)	0.048
Exhaled breath condensate
IL-4/IL-1b	1.94 (1.72–2.26)	2.37 (2.02–3.36)	0.044
IL-10/IL-2	0.00 (0.00–0.29)	0.35 (0.25–0.47)	0.005
IL-10/IL-6	0.00 (0.00–0.00)	3.02 (0.58–3.82)	0.016
IL-10/IL-8	0.00 (0.00–0.41)	0.75 (0.19–1.72)	0.002
Panel B
	Severe sepsis	Non severe sepsis
Serum
IL-4/IL-6	0.01 (0.00–0.04)	0.07 (0.02–0.17)	0.000
IL-4/IL-8	0.03 (0.00–0.10)	0.12 (0.06–0.21)	0.002
IL-4/IL-1	1.23 (0.15–1.61)	1.55 (1.10–2.32)	0.006
IL-10/IL-6	0.01 (0.00–0.07)	0.05 (0.02–0.12)	0.017
IL-10/IL-8	0.03 (0.01–0.18)	0.12 (0.05–0.19)	0.039
Exhaled breath condensate
IL-10/IL-2	0.00 (0.00–0.21)	0.38 (0.26–0.48)	0.000

Data presented as median (interquartile range)

IL interleukin, IFN interferon