Table 1. Primers and PCR conditions used for virulence gene detection.
| Target genes | Positive control | Sequences (5′–3′) | Annealing temperature (°C) | Product size (bp) | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Heat-labile toxin (lt) | ETEC | tctctatgcatacggag ccatactgattgccgcaatt | 55 | 322 | Deng et al. (1996) |
| Hest-stable toxin (st) | ETEC | tgctaaaccagtagagtcttcaaaa gcaggcttacaacacaattcacagcag | 55 | 138 | Mercado et al. (2011) |
| Shiga-like enterotoxins 1 (evt) | EHEC | caacactggatgatctcag ccccctcaactgctaata | 55 | 349 | Khan et al. (2002) |
| Shiga-like enterotoxins 2 (evs) | EHEC | atcagtcgtcactcactggt ctgctgtcacagtgacaaa | 55 | 110 | Khan et al. (2002) |
| Transcriptional activator of the aggregative adherence fimbriae (aggR) | EAEC 17-2 | ctaattgtacaatcgatgta atgaagtaattcttgaat | 55 | 308 | Nataro et al. (1994) |
| pCVD432 plasmid | EAEC 17-2 | ctggcgaaagactgtatcat caatgtatagaaatccgctgtt | 55 | 630 | Aranda, Fagundes-Neto & Scaletsky (2004) |
| Intimin (eaeA) | Plasmid-eaeA | aaacaggtgaaactgttgcc tctcgcctgatagtgtttggta | 55 | 350 | Yu & Kaper (1992) |
| Bundle-forming pilus (bfpA) | – | aatggtgcttgcgcttgctgc gccgctttatccaacctggta | 57 | 326 | Zhang et al. (2016) |
Notes.
- ETEC
- enterotoxigenic E. coli
- EHEC
- enterohemorrhagic E. coli
- EAEC
- enteroaggregative E. coli