Fig. 3.

Clinical characteristics of the patients with schizophrenia in each cluster. The patients in Cluster 1 received higher doses of antipsychotics (A), while the patients in Cluster 5/6 had milder negative symptoms (B). DOI, duration of illness; HP, haloperidol; POS, positive symptoms; NEG, negative symptoms; DIS, disorganization; EMO, emotional distress; EXC, excitement. Haloperidol equivalents were calculated according to the practice guidelines for the treatment of patients with schizophrenia.¹⁹