Table 1.
Mean, SD, and Associations of ESM- and Interview-Based Measures of Auditory Hallucinations
| Auditory Hallucinations | Mean (SD) | Correlations With Mean ESM-Measured Auditory Hallucinationsa | |
|---|---|---|---|
| ρ | P value | ||
| SAPS | |||
| Severity | 3.08 (2.13) | 0.47 | .004 |
| PSYRATS | |||
| Frequency | 1.85 (1.52) | 0.48 | .017 |
| Duration | 1.88 (1.41) | 0.60 | .002 |
| Location | 1.19 (1.53) | 0.31 | .139 |
| Loudness | 1.96 (0.90) | 0.46 | .025 |
| Origin of voices | 2.15 (1.48) | 0.32 | .126 |
| Amount of negative content | 1.92 (1.62) | 0.36 | .087 |
| Degree of negative content | 2.08 (1.62) | 0.47 | .020 |
| Amount of distress | 1.81 (1.44) | 0.38 | .070 |
| Intensity of distress | 1.31 (1.20) | 0.50 | .013 |
| Disruption to life caused by voices | 2.50 (0.93) | 0.17 | .428 |
| Controllability of voices | 1.96 (1.61) | 0.35 | .095 |
| ESM | |||
| Auditory hallucinations | 30.68 (34.80) | — | — |
Note: Bold type indicates significant correlations; SAPS—Scale for Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS item #1; range 0–5); PSYRATS—Psychotic Symptom Rating Scales (range 0–5); ESM—Experience Sampling Method (range from 1–100); Higher scores indicated increased severity.
aPartial Spearman correlations controlling for antipsychotic medications as indexed by chlor-promazine equivalence.