Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics at Study Inclusion and at 2 y for First-Episode Psychosis Patients Across Patterns of Substance Abuse
| N = 266 | No (NU) | Stop (SU) | Episodic (EU) | Persistent (PU) | Analysis | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 141 | n = 34 | n = 48 | n = 43 | |||||||
| N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % | χ2 | df | |
| Malea | 66 | 47 | 26 | 76 | 30 | 63 | 34 | 79 | 20.3 | 3 |
| Diagnosis at inclusion | ||||||||||
| Schizophrenia spectrum | 82 | 58 | 23 | 6 | 34 | 71 | 28 | 65 | 3.1 | 3 |
| Affective | 24 | 17 | 3 | 9 | 5 | 10 | 4 | 9 | 1.9 | 3 |
| Other | 35 | 25 | 8 | 24 | 9 | 19 | 11 | 26 | 6.4 | 3 |
| Median | Range | Median | Range | Median | Range | Median | Range | F | df | |
| DUPb (wk) | 6 | 0–1196 | 10 | 0–416 | 14 | 0–468 | 12 | 1–555 | 0.7 | 262 |
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | F | df d | |
| Agec | 30.8 | 10.2 | 26.5 | 8.3 | 22.6 | 5.0 | 22.4 | 4.4 | 18.0 | 262 |
| Premorbid adjustment, change from childhood to adolescence | ||||||||||
| Social | 0.8 | 1.5 | 0.9 | 1.5 | 0.9 | 1.6 | 0.9 | 1.4 | 0.1 | 256 |
| Academic | 0.5 | 1.3 | 0.5 | 1.3 | 0.9 | 1.3 | 1.1 | 1.2 | 3.7 | 256 |
| PANSS and GAF | ||||||||||
| Positive | 15.2 | 4.3 | 15.8 | 4.7 | 14.7 | 3.9 | 15.6 | 4.4 | .52 | 261 |
| Negative | 20.6 | 9.7 | 20.8 | 8.0 | 21.0 | 8.7 | 20.5 | 7.9 | .99 | 260 |
| GAF symptome | 29.3 | 7.0 | 28.0 | 7.0 | 29.3 | 7.7 | 32.2 | 5.7 | 2.7 | 260 |
| GAF function | 31.6 | 10.6 | 29.7 | 9.6 | 32.0 | 11.3 | 35.1 | 8.8 | 1.9 | 260 |
| PANSS and GAF at 2 y | ||||||||||
| Positive | 8.2 | 3.8 | 8.3 | 3.8 | 11.1 | 5.6 | 11.1 | 5.7 | 7.4 | 243 |
| Negative | 16.6 | 7.7 | 17.8 | 8.9 | 19.0 | 8.9 | 16.2 | 7.0 | 1.2 | 243 |
| GAF symptomf | 55.3 | 16.8 | 53.7 | 17.0 | 45.2 | 14.2 | 46.7 | 14.7 | 5.9 | 245 |
| GAF function | 56.2 | 16.0 | 53.9 | 17.5 | 44.9 | 15.5 | 47.7 | 15.7 | 6.8 | 246 |
Note: Other diagnoses: delusional disorder (n = 7), brief psychotic disorder (n = 3), organic psychosis (n = 1), and psychosis NOS (n = 10). DUP, duration of untreated psychosis; EU, episodic user; GAF, Global Assessment of Functioning; NOS, not otherwise specified; NU, nonuser; PANSS, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale; PU, persistent user; SU, stop-user.
a P < .001, pairwise comparisons NU vs SU and NU vs PU.
bReported values are median values, while ANOVA was done with log-transformed DUP values.
cAll between-group df =3; df reported in table concerns within-group df.
dPost hoc comparisons Scheffe test pairwise comparisons NU and EU, NU and PU, P < .001.
ePost hoc comparisons Scheffe test pairwise comparison NU and PU, P < .012.
fPost hoc comparisons Scheffe test pairwise comparison SU and PU, P < .045.