Table 1.
Ecological niches of selected alkaliphilic cyanobacteria whose genome sequences are available (October 2016).
| Species | Isolation site | Characteristics and habitats | Classification | Genome status | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pleurocapsa sp. PCC 7327 (P7) | Hunters hot spring, Oregon, USA | A unicellular nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium. It is a stenohaline strain that can only survive within a narrow range of salinities. It has been found in alkaline water, hot spring (53 °C pH 8.5). | Moderate alkali-thermophile | Finished | [49] |
|
Synechococcus sp. JA-2-3B′a(2–13) (S2) Synechococcus sp. JA-3-3Ab (S3) |
Octopus Spring, Yellowstone National Park | A group of small (2–5 μm) unicellular cyanobacteria. Non-nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria. The strain is dominant in alkaline siliceous hot springs (50–70 °C pH 8.5). | Moderate alkali-thermophile | Finished | [50] |
| Cyanobacterium PCC 7702 (CP) | Alkaline hot spring, near Reykjavik, Iceland | A practically unicellular cyanobacterium. The strain is isolated from alkaline siliceous hot springs (50–70 °C pH 8.8). Nitrogen-fixing and non-motile. | Moderate alkali-thermophile | Permanent Draft | [49] |
| Cyanobacterium stranieri PCC 7202 (CS) | Alkaline pond, Chad | A unicellular non-nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium capable of growth in both freshwater and seawater media. Thus, it is able to adapt to a wide range of salinities (euryhaline). Non-motile. | Moderate alkali-mesophile | Finished | [49] |
| Spirulina subsalsa PCC 9445 (SS) | Alkaline-saline volcanic lake, Pantelleria, Italy | A motile filamentous cyanobacterium. It is capable of growth under a saline and alkaline environment. | Moderate alkali-mesophile | Permanent draft | [49] |
|
Arthrospira platensis C1 (AC) Arthrospira platensis NIES-39 (AN) Arthrospira platensis str. Paraca (AP) Arthrospira maxima CS-328 (AM) Arthrospira sp. PCC 8005 (A8) Arthrospira sp. TJSD091 (AT) |
Unknown Lake Chad, Chad, East Africa Unknown Lake Chad, Chad, East Africa Seaside wetland, China, Bohai Unknown |
A group of filamentous cyanobacteria that have an important role in industrial applications. Non-heterocyst-forming and non-nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria; hydrogen-producing strains. They grow naturally in a high-salt alkaline (carbonate/bicarbonate) open pond system. The optimum pH for growth of ordinary Arthrospira strains is in the range of 9.0–9.5. AC is a laboratory strain. | Strong alkaliphile | Permanent draft Permanent draft Permanent draft Permanent draft Permanent draft Permanent draft |
[51], [52], [53], [54], [55], [56] |