Table 1.

BBB leakage and age, WMH burden (Fazekas score), and stroke subtype

Tissue	Variable	β coefficient × 103	95% CI × 103	P-value
Normal-appearing white matter	Age	0.016	−0.001, 0.033	.065
	Fazekas score	0.024	0.002, 0.047	.033
	Stroke subtype	−0.110	−0.19, −0.030	.005
Deep gray matter	Age	0.025	0.002, 0.049	.031
	Fazekas score	0.059	0.028, 0.09	.0002
	Stroke subtype	−0.11	−0.21, −0.0003	.049
CSF	Age	0.219	0.158, 0.28	<.0001
	Fazekas score	0.205	0.124, 0.287	<.0001
	Stroke subtype	0.363	0.082, 0.644	.011
WMH	Age	0.059	0.035, 0.082	<.0001
	Fazekas score	0.104	0.072, 0.136	<.0001
	Stroke subtype	−0.040	−0.150, 0.068	.46
Index infarct	Age	0.045	0.001, 0.089	.045
	Fazekas score	0.017	−0.040, 0.075	.57
	Stroke subtype	−0.520	−0.720, −0.330	<.0001
Old infarct	Age	0.049	−0.0015, 0.10	.057
	Fazekas score	0.041	−0.030, 0.11	.24
	Stroke subtype	−0.430	−0.680, −0.190	.0004

Abbreviations: BBB, blood-brain barrier; WMH, white matter hyperintensities; CI, confidence interval; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid.

NOTE. Values are BBB leakage (change in postcontrast signal per minute) per 5-year increase in age, per point increase in Fazekas score, or lacunar versus cortical stroke. The interaction coefficients for age, Fazekas score, and subtype are derived from three separate models (the data were already adjusted for key predictors listed previously and simultaneous fitting of multiple interaction terms was not supported). Age, Fazekas score, and stroke subtype are each adjusted for each other and sagittal sinus signal, brain tissue signal precontrast (T₁₀), mean arterial blood pressure, diagnosis of hypertension, pulse pressure, and smoker status. In stroke subtype, a negative effect estimate indicates that values are lower in patients with lacunar than with cortical stroke. A higher Fazekas score indicates more WMH.