Table 7.

Examples of primary kidney diseases that progress more rapidly in patients with low birth weight (LBW)

Clinical findings
IgA nephropathy [172, 173] Increased hypertension and glomerulosclerosis in LBW children Increased progression to end-stage renal disease if LBW and/or small for gestational age, especially among males
Membranous nephropathy [181] LBW associated with steeper decline in glomerular filtration rate
Minimal change disease [172, 174, 177] More relapses and steroid dependence in LBW children
Chronic pyelonephritis [179] Patients with progressive deterioration in renal function had lower birth weight
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease [178] Earlier onset of end-stage renal disease with lower birth weight
Focal-segmental glomerulosclerosis [180] Very LBW and preterm birth are risk factors for focal-segmental glomerulosclerosis
Alport syndrome [182] More rapid progression in LBW identical twin