Table 1. Baseline characteristics stratified based on ABI categories.
| variables | ABI ≤ 0.90 | 0.91 ≤ ABI ≤ 0.99 | 1.0 ≤ ABI ≤ 1.4 | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 463 | N = 223 | N = 2370 | ||
| Age (yrs) | 72.2±11.4 | 68.0±15.2 | 65.9±13.3 | <0.0001 |
| Female | 88 (19.0%) | 68 (30.5%) | 702 (29.6%) | <0.0001 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 22.8±3.7 | 23.1±4.1 | 23.6±3.7 | <0.0001 |
| Hypertension | 349 (75.3%) | 138 (61.9%) | 1365 (57.6%) | <0.0001 |
| Dyslipidemia | 190 (41.0%) | 87 (39.0%) | 1025 (43.3%) | 0.386 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 202 (43.6%) | 65 (29.2%) | 601 (25.4%) | <0.0001 |
| Insulin use | 29 (6.3%) | 9 (4.0%) | 81 (3.4%) | 0.015 |
| Smoker | 273 (59.0%) | 97 (43.5%) | 1028 (43.4%) | <0.0001 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dl) | 13.1±2.2 | 13.7±2.0 | 14.0±3.2 | <0.0001 |
| eGFR (ml/min/1.73m2) | 48.5±27.4 | 56.0±25.4 | 64.5±22.9 | <0.0001 |
| Hemodialysis | 66 (14.3%) | 14 (6.3%) | 76 (3.2%) | <0.0001 |
| Previous MI (%) | 67 (14.5%) | 33 (14.8%) | 335 (14.1%) | 0.944 |
| Previous stroke (%) | 72 (15.6%) | 22 (9.9%) | 136 (5.7%) | <0.0001 |
| Previous Heart failure (%) | 47 (10.2%) | 26 (11.7%) | 159 (6.7%) | 0.002 |
| LVEF (%) | 64.0±14.6 | 61.0±16.5 | 65.1±14.4 | <0.0001 |
| Atrial fibrillation (%) | 65 (14.0%) | 36 (16.1%) | 290 (12.2%) | 0.167 |
| CHADS2 | 2.09±1.18 | 1.68±1.19 | 1.30±1.08 | <0.0001 |
| CHA2DS2-VASc | 3.28±1.35 | 2.56±1.39 | 2.11±1.26 | <0.0001 |
| baPWV | 2013±937 | 1900±698 | 1706±437 | <0.0001 |
| Medication at discharge | ||||
| Aspirin | 270 (58.3%) | 103 (46.2%) | 995 (42.0%) | <0.0001 |
| Thienopyridines | 145 (31.3%) | 52 (23.3%) | 536 (22.6%) | <0.0001 |
| Cilostazol | 126 (27.2%) | 19 (8.5%) | 70 (3.0%) | <0.0001 |
| Statins | 179 (38.7%) | 89 (39.9%) | 907 (38.3%) | 0.879 |
| ACE-Is/ARBs | 261 (56.4%) | 105 (47.1%) | 1070 (45.2%) | <0.0001 |
| Beta-blockers | 111 (24.0%) | 63 (28.3%) | 633 (26.7%) | 0.362 |
| Anti-coagulants | 103 (22.2%) | 59 (26.5%) | 462 (19.5%) | 0.366 |
| Cause of admission | ||||
| Ischemic heart disease | 230 (49.7%) | 118 (52.9%) | 1339 (56.5%) | 0.031 |
| Peripheral artery disease | 200 (43.2%) | 16 (7.2%) | 37 (15.6%) | <0.0001 |
| Arrhythmia | 23 (5.0%) | 42 (18.8%) | 519 (21.9%) | <0.0001 |
| Congestive heart failure | 42 (9.1%) | 46 (20.6%) | 347 (14.6%) | 0.001 |
HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; ABI, ankle—brachial index; eGFR, Estimated glomerular filtration rate; LVEF, Left ventricular ejection fraction; baPWV, brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity; ACE-I, angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor; ARB, Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker.
Data are shown as the mean ± SD or as n (percentages).