Table 1. Association of PITX2 methylation with clinicopathological characteristics.
Association of PITX2 methylation with clinicopathological characteristics in HNSCC patients of the TCGA cohort (n = 528).
| Characteristic | No. [%] of patients | Mean PITX2 methylation [mean ± standard deviation) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| All patients | 528 (100) | 12.7 (±10.9) | ||
| Sex | 0.026* | |||
| Female | 142 (26.9) | 10.9 (±8.1) | ||
| Male | 386 (73.1) | 13.3 (±11.7) | ||
| Age (years) | 0.65 | |||
| Mean | 61 | |||
| Median | 61 | |||
| n ≤ Median | 282 (53.4) | 13.0 (±11.6) | ||
| n > Median | 245 (46.4) | 12.3 (±10.2) | ||
| Unknown | 1 (0.2) | |||
| Smoking status | 0.61 | |||
| Non-Smoker | 122 (23.1) | 13.2 (±11.6) | ||
| Smoker | 393 (74.4) | 12.6 (±10.8) | ||
| Unknown | 13 (2.5) | |||
| Pack years | 0.18 | |||
| (≤ 40) | 168 (31.8) | 13.5 (±11.5) | ||
| (> 40) | 130 (24.6) | 11.7 (±10.2) | ||
| Unknown | 230 (43.6) | |||
| History of alcohol consumption | 0.99 | |||
| Yes | 352 (66.7) | 12.7 (±11) | ||
| No | 165 (31.3) | 12.7 (±11) | ||
| Unknown | 11 (2.1) | |||
| Tumor site | <0.001* | |||
| Oral cavity | 250 (47.3) | 9.9 (±7.6) | ||
| Oropharynx | 151 (28.6) | 16.5 (±14.4) | ||
| Hypopharynx | 10 (1.9) | 14.4 (±6.6) | ||
| Larynx | 177 (22.2) | 13.7 (±9.5) | ||
| Race | 0.66 | |||
| White | 452 (85.6) | 13 (±11.3) | ||
| Black or African American | 48 (9.1) | 10.9 (±7.9) | ||
| Asian | 11 (2.1) | 11.7 (±9.3) | ||
| American Indian or Alaska Native | 2 (0.4) | 17.8 (±13) | ||
| Unknown | 15 (2.78) | |||
| Pathologic tumor category (pT) | 0.15 | |||
| Tis/T1/T2 | 190 (36) | 12.7 (±10.4) | ||
| T3/T4 | 276 (52.3) | 11.3 (±9.8) | ||
| Unknown | 62 (11.7) | |||
| Pathologic nodal category (pN) | 0.42 | |||
| N0 | 180 (34.1) | 12.1 (±9.7) | ||
| N1 | 68 (12.9) | 10.8 (±8) | ||
| N2 | 172 (32.6) | 11.0 (±9.5) | ||
| Unknown | 108 (20.5) | |||
| p16 | <0.001* | |||
| Negative | 74 (14) | 9.7 (±6.5) | ||
| Positive | 41 (7.8) | 25.7 (±16.2) | ||
| Unknown | 413 (78.2) | |||
| Grade (G) | <0.001* | |||
| G1 | 63 (11.9) | 9.8 (±6.3) | ||
| G2 | 311 (58.9) | 11.3 (±9.2) | ||
| G3 | 125 (23.7) | 14.9 (±13.3) | ||
| G4 | 7 (1.3) | 28.5 (±11.1) | ||
| Unknown | 22 (4.2) | |||
| 0.003* | ||||
| G1 and G2 | 374 (70.8) | 11.1 (±8.8) | ||
| G3/G4 | 132 (25) | 15.6 (±13.5) | ||
| Surgical margin | 0.83 | |||
| Negative | 407 (77.1) | 11.7 (±9.8) | ||
| Positive | 60 (11.4) | 12.0 (±11.1) | ||
| Unknown | 61 (11.6) | |||
Mann-Whitney U test for sex, smoking status, history of alcohol consumption, pT, p16, grade (dichotomized), surgical margin; One-Way ANOVA for tumor site, pN, grade, race; Spearman’s rank correlation for age, pack years.
* significant feature