Table 3.

Factors associated with moderate or greater severity illicit drug and alcohol use, N=348 of 350 for illicit drug model and 342 of 350 for alcohol model

	Moderate or greater severity illicit drug symptoms*		Moderate or greater severity alcohol symptoms†
	Unadjusted Prevalence, %	Multivariate OR (95% CI)	Unadjusted Prevalence, %	Multivariate OR (95% CI)
Overall	64.6	-	25.8	-
Age Categories
50–54	77.5	-	27.5	-
55–59	49.6	-	28.2	-
60–64	46.7	-	20.5	-
≥65	44.5	-	26.2	-
Male Sex	72.0	-	41.9	2.2 (1.1–4.4)
Race/ethnicity
African American	65.3	-	26.4	-
Non-African American	63.9	-	25.2	-
Education
No high school or General Education Development (GED) degree	73.5	-	32.2	-
Ever suspended/expelled from school	86.6	3.1 (1.8–5.4)	41.6	1.7 (1.0–2.8)
Veteran	63.3	-	34.2	-
First homeless age<50	81.3	1.9 (1.2–3.1)	30.0	-
Abuse
Child sexual abuse‡	76.9	-	31.8	-
Adult sexual abuse§	62.9	-	16.5	-
Child physical abuse‡	62.9	-	27.5	-
Adult physical abuse§	76.8	-	26.2	-
Mental health problems
Major depressive symptoms**	72.0	-	40.3	1.8 (1.1–3.0)
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms††	75.0	-	36.5	-
Ever hospitalized for psychiatric symptoms	81.1	1.9 (1.0–3.6)	23.8	-

^*Defined as Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) score ≥4

^†Defined as Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) score ≥8

^‡Child abuse defined as abuse occurring at age<18

^§Adult abuse defined as abuse occurring at age≥18

^**Major depressive symptoms defined as a Center for Epidemiologic Studies Scale score of ≥22 (range, 0–60; higher scores indicate more problems)

^††Post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms defined as experiencing ≥3 out of 4 symptoms on the Primary Care PTSD Screen