Table 3.
Pain and sleep questionnaires
| Questionnaire | tDCS group | Scores
|
P-value† | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline (day 1) | Post-tDCS (day 12) | Follow-up (day 19) | |||
| MPQ | Active | 32.2±13.7 | 16.2±8.1 | 21.5±17.6 | 0.02* |
| Sham | 23.8±16.3 | 24.4±14.1 | 22.8±7.8 | 0.80 | |
| P-value‡ | 0.25 | 0.22 | 0.80 | ||
| SF-BPI | Active | 29.0±11.0 | 12.2±10.2 | 17.6±17.3 | 0.07 |
| Sham | 17.1±10.3 | 11.0±8.7 | 11.8±8.1 | 0.17 | |
| P-value‡ | 0.07 | 0.80 | 0.56 | ||
| SF-BPI (pain interference with sleep) | Active | 6.5±1.9 | 3.3±3.4 | 5.2±5.0 | 0.12 |
| Sham | 4.8±2.5 | 3.0±2.4 | 3.8±2.8 | 0.24 | |
| P-value‡ | 0.22 | 0.90 | 0.77 | ||
| PSQI | Active | 12.0±2.8 | 10.2±3.9 | 10.3±6.6 | 0.57 |
| Sham | 9.8±3.9 | 9.9±2.4 | 8.0±2.4 | 0.12 | |
| P-value‡ | 0.24 | 0.84 | 0.40 | ||
Notes: Data are presented as mean value ± standard deviation and 95% confidence interval.
†
Friedman tests were performed to detect intragroup differences.
*
Statistically significant.
‡
Mann–Whitney tests were performed to detect between-group differences.
Abbreviations: tDCS, transcranial direct current stimulation; MPQ, McGill Pain Questionnaire; SF-BPI, Short Form of the Brief Pain Inventory; PSQI, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index.