Table 2.
Time-dependent effects of Low dose hydrocortisone (LDH) versus placebo on cognition in HIV-infected men.
| Outcome measures | Time point tested post-pill | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Immediate, rapid (30 min) | Delayed, slow (4 hours) | |||||
|
| ||||||
| Placebo M (SE) |
LDH M (SE) |
LDH vs Placebo B (SE) |
Placebo M (SE) |
LDH M (SE) |
LDH vs Placebo B (SE) |
|
| Learning/Memory | ||||||
| HVLT | ||||||
| Immediate Trial 1 Learning | 5.20 (0.25) | 5.80 (0.25) | 0.61 (0.27)* | 5.43 (0.25) | 5.18 (0.25) | −0.25 (0.27) |
| Total learning | 20.64 (0.80) | 21.84 (0.79) | 1.20 (0.55)* | 20.41 (0.80) | 20.13 (0.79) | −0.28 (0.54) |
| Delay recall | 6.41 (0.45) | 6.62 (0.44) | 0.21 (0.33) | 4.59 (0.45) | 4.22 (0.44) | −0.37 (0.33) |
| Executive Function | ||||||
| LNS experimental condition | 13.13 (0.67) | 12.39 (0.69) | −0.74 (0.39) | 13.25 (0.67) | 13.45 (0.67) | −0.21 (0.39) |
| TMT Part Bǂ | 4.54 (0.08) | 4.57 (0.08) | −0.03 (0.06) | 4.45 (0.07) | 4.42 (0.08) | −0.03 (0.06) |
| Stroop Incongruent Trials | 0.88 (0.03) | 0.89 (0.03) | 0.01 (0.03) | - | - | - |
| Attention/Concentration | ||||||
| LNS control condition | 15.36 (0.59) | 15.08 (0.59) | −0.28 (0.38) | 15.47 (0.59) | 15.79 (0.59) | 0.32 (0.38) |
| TMT Part Aǂ | 3.59 (0.05) | 3.57 (0.05) | 0.02 (0.04) | 3.52 (0.05) | 3.52 (0.05) | 0.00 (0.04) |
| Stroop Congruent Trials | 0.99 (0.004) | 0.99 (0.004) | 0.00 (0.01) | - | - | - |
| Visuospatial abilities | ||||||
| Line Orientation Test | 13.31 (0.69) | 13.44 (0.69) | 0.13 (0.48) | - | - | - |
Note.
*
p<0.05.
ǂ
Log transformed values.
LDH=Low dose hydrocortisone; HVLT=Hopkins Verbal Learning Test; LNS= Letter-Number Sequencing (LNS) task; TMT=Trail Making Test (higher scores=worse performance).