Table 1.
Selected Characteristics of Participants From the SAGE II and GALA II According to Racial/Ethnic Group: 2006-2014
| Variable | African American |
Mexican American |
Other Latino |
Islander Puerto Rican |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control Subject | Case Subject | Control Subject | Case Subject | Control Subject | Case Subject | Control Subject | Case Subject | |
| No. | 360 | 594 | 553 | 533 | 244 | 278 | 489 | 536 |
| Age, median (IQR), y | 15.7(5.85) | 13.5 (5.81) | 13.4 (6.45) | 12.3 (5.38) | 13.8 (4.98) | 11.7 (4.68) | 12.2 (3.71) | 11.2 (3.33) |
| Sex, male | 141 (39.2) | 310 (52.2) | 222 (40.1) | 300 (56.3) | 109 (44.7) | 156 (56.1) | 227 (46.4) | 315 (58.8) |
| Tobacco exposure | ||||||||
| Current | 123 (34.2) | 164 (27.6) | 122 (22.1) | 103 (19.3) | 40 (16.4) | 57 (20.5) | 85 (17.4) | 100 (18.7) |
| In utero | 48 (13.3) | 121 (20.4) | 12 (2.2) | 21 (3.9) | 7 (2.9) | 11 (4.0) | 22 (4.5) | 29 (5.4) |
| Preferred languagea | ||||||||
| Spanish | … | … | 478 (86.4) | 407 (76.4) | 191 (78.3) | 183 (65.8) | 481 (98.4) | 529 (98.7) |
| Income tertiles | ||||||||
| First | 94 (26.1) | 239 (40.2) | 265 (47.9) | 216 (40.5) | 115 (47.1) | 135 (48.6) | 197 (40.3) | 246 (45.9) |
| Second | 101 (28.1) | 187 (31.5) | 140 (25.3) | 170 (31.9) | 56 (23.0) | 72 (25.9) | 160 (32.7) | 158 (29.5) |
| Third | 165 (45.8) | 168 (28.3) | 148 (26.8) | 147 (27.6) | 73 (29.9) | 71 (25.5) | 132 (27.0) | 132 (24.6) |
| Insurance | ||||||||
| Uninsured | 12 (3.3) | 10 (1.7) | 74 (13.4) | 34 (6.4) | 21 (8.6) | 11 (4.0) | 12 (2.5) | 6 (1.1) |
| Government | 138 (38.3) | 294 (49.5) | 387 (70.0) | 375 (70.4) | 175 (71.7) | 221 (79.5) | 288 (58.9) | 316 (59.0) |
| Private | 210 (58.3) | 290 (48.8) | 92 (16.6) | 124 (23.3) | 48 (19.7) | 46 (16.5) | 189 (38.7) | 214 (39.9) |
| Education levela | ||||||||
| Some high school | 42 (11.7) | 89 (15.0) | 347 (62.7) | 278 (52.2) | 100 (41.0) | 115 (41.4) | 63 (12.9) | 78 (14.6) |
| High school graduate | 87 (24.2) | 147 (24.7) | 129 (23.3) | 133 (25.0) | 62 (25.4) | 73 (26.3) | 168 (34.4) | 171 (31.9) |
| Some college | 231 (64.2) | 358 (60.3) | 77 (13.9) | 122 (22.9) | 82 (33.6) | 90 (32.4) | 258 (52.8) | 287 (53.5) |
| SES statusb | ||||||||
| Low | 93 (25.6) | 240 (40.4) | 313 (56.6) | 230 (43.2) | 109 (44.7) | 126 (45.3) | 137 (28.0) | 170 (31.7) |
| Middle | 169 (46.9) | 248 (41.8) | 132 (23.9) | 149 (28.0) | 53 (21.7) | 60 (21.6) | 200 (40.9) | 194 (36.2) |
| High | 98 (27.2) | 106 (17.8) | 108 (19.5) | 154 (28.9) | 82 (33.6) | 92 (33.1) | 152 (31.1) | 172 (32.1) |
| Perceived discrimination, any | 152 (42.2) | 291 (49.0) | 161 (29.1) | 140 (26.3) | 66 (27.0) | 77 (27.7) | 33 (6.7) | 53 (9.9) |
| Severity of discriminationc | ||||||||
| Never | 208 (57.8) | 303 (51.0) | 392 (70.9) | 393 (73.7) | 178 (73.0) | 201 (72.3) | 456 (93.3) | 483 (90.1) |
| Rarely | 124 (34.4) | 229 (38.6) | 143 (25.9) | 126 (23.6) | 61 (25.0) | 71 (25.5) | 32 (6.5) | 49 (9.1) |
| Often | 28 (7.8) | 62 (10.4) | 18 (3.3) | 14 (2.6) | 5 (2.0) | 6 (2.2) | 1 (0.2) | 4 (0.7) |
| % African ancestry, mean (SD) | 77.6 (11.9) | 78.1 (12.0) | 4.3 (2.8) | 4.6 (3.1) | 16.1 (14.9) | 16.3 (15.5) | 21.4 (9.0) | 23.6 (11.9) |
| Asthma control | ||||||||
| Control | … | 165 (29.7) | … | 241 (48.1) | … | 86 (33.2) | … | 97 (18.8) |
| Partial | … | 168 (30.2) | … | 153 (30.5) | … | 91 (35.1) | … | 192 (37.2) |
| Poor | … | 223 (40.1) | … | 107 (21.4) | … | 82 (31.7) | … | 227 (44.0) |
Values are reported as No. (percentage) unless otherwise specified. Bold values are significant (P ≤ .05).
GALA II = Genes-Environments and Admixture in Latino Americans; SAGE II = Study of African Americans, Asthma, Genes and Environment; SES = socioeconomic status.
Refers to the preferred language and education level of the participant’s mother.
SES status are tertiles of a composite index derived from reported income, mother’s education, and insurance status.
Discrimination score was categorized as never (negative answer to all four situations); rarely (affirmative answer to one situation), and often (affirmative answer to two or more situations).