Table 2.

Chance of colonization success by P. oceanica seedlings: total number of successes or failures and overall frequency of success (%) of colonization classified according to (a) habitat type (substrate class) and depth class and (b) depth class alone.

	Success	Failure	Success	Failure
Variable	Depth ≤3 m		Depth ≥3 m		Overall success (%)
(a) Substrate class
Rock	12	1	2	0	93.3
Sand	2	3	1	2	37.5
Dead matte	1	0	3	0	100
C. nodosa	1	0			100
(b) Depth class
≤3 m	16	4			84.2
>3 m	6	2			71.4

The persistence of at least one seedling on a given substrate or depth in a site was considered as colonization success while the loss of all seedlings was considered as failure. The depth of 3 m corresponded to the median maximum depth reached by seedlings. Data are gathered from available studies that have monitored in situ seedling development or that reported the presence of seedlings 1 or 2 years-old at the time of observation. Data from different years and sites were pooled.