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. 2017 Jun 15;7:3584. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-03616-w

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Analyses of synovial tissues in collagenase-affected joints in the miR-29aTg mice and wild-type mice. (A) Synovial tissues in the miR-29aTg mice showed high miR-29a expression probed by RT-qPCR and analyzed using a Wilcoxon test. (B) They also displayed strong miR-29a transcripts as evidenced by in situ hybridization. Panels in the low power field images indicate areas of interest for high power field images of synovial membrane. (C) Synovial tissues in the miR-29aTg mice exhibited slight hypertrophy, ED1-positive macrophage infiltration, and fibrotic matrix accumulation in collagenase-injured joints. (D) miR-29Tg mice had minor responses to collagenase aggravation of membrane thickness, macrophage number, and fibrosis tissue area. miR-29a overexpression reduced the collagenases enhancement of (E) collagen III, TGF-β1, PLOD2, TIMP1, ADAM12, (F) IL-1β, MMP9, MMP13, and ADAMTS5 expressions within injured joints. Each bar plot stands for mean ± standard error calculated from 8 animals in each group and analyzed by a parametric analysis of variance (ANOVA) and a Bonferroni post-hoc test. Asterisks (*) stands for significant difference between groups.