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. 2017 Jun 15;7:3584. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-03616-w

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Analyses of miR-29a action to VEGF expression in synovial fibroblasts. (A) Synovial cells expressed strong VEGF immunostaining in synovial specimens from patients with end-stage OA knees. (B) miR-29a transfection reduced VEGF mRNA expression of synoival fibroblasts and VEGF levels in culture supernatants. miR-29a antisense oligonucleotide transfection increased VEGF expression. (C) The sequence of miR-29a binding to the intact and mutated 3′-UTR of VEGF. miR-29a precursor reduced the VEGF 3′-UTR luciferase reporter activity. miR-29a antisense oligonucleotide increased luminescence reaction. (D) HUVECs exposed to culture supernatants from the miR-29a-transfected synovial fibroblasts reduced tube and vessel ring formation. (E) HUVECs transfected with miR-29a showed low angiogenesis. Each bar plot stands for mean ± standard error calculated from at least 4 times in each group and analyzed by a parametric analysis of variance (ANOVA) and a Bonferroni post-hoc test. Asterisks (*) stands for significant difference between groups.