Figure 2.

Microfluidics vs. Bioreactors. (Top) The microfluidic platform (nL to μL) would be made of PDMS and connecting channels would allow the exchange of media and intermediate products between the chambers as well as the replacement of the cells (here only represented on one side). The fluxes would be controlled by pumps and valves. Microbial species cultured in those chambers would be contained by membranes. (Bottom) In the sequential bioreactors platform (100 mL to hL), well-stirred bioreactors would be connected by hollow-fiber bridges and overhead pressure or pumps would allow the flow of media and intermediates between bioreactors. Cells could additionally be confined by membranes (right bioreactor) should this be necessary.