Table 1. Statistical results.
| NonTg Mean+/−SEM | N | 3xTg-AD Mean+/−SEM | N | 3xTg-AD/dnPAK Mean+/−SEM | N | Statistical test | U, T or F value | p value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Molecular quantifications (Fig. 1, 2 and 4C) | |||||||||||||
| TBS-soluble fraction (cytosolic fraction; ROD/actin) | |||||||||||||
| tau5 | 1,19+/−0,14 | 13 | 1,02+/−0,07 | 20 | 1,07+/−0,07 | 17 | Welch ANOVA | F(2,25.94)=0.5841 | p=0.5648 | ||||
| tau 13 | ----- | 1,36+/−0,09 | 21 | 1,21+/−0,12 | 17 | Unpaired t-test | T(36)=1.035 | p=0.3075 | |||||
| tau CP13 | ----- | 0,97+/−0,08 | 21 | 1,14+/−0,11 | 17 | Unpaired t-test | T(36)=1.282 | p=0.2079 | |||||
| VGAT | 1,35+/−0,1 | 13 | 0,92+/−0,08 | 20** | 0,98+/−0,07 | 17** | One-way ANOVA | F(2,47)=7.486 | p=0.0015 | ||||
| PAK total | 1,2+/−0,1 | 12 | 1,06+/−0,09 | 21 | 1,04+/−0,1 | 17 | One-way ANOVA | F(2,47)=0.6782 | p=0.5124 | ||||
| pPAK (s141) | 1,31+/−0,12 | 12 | 1,07+/−0,06 | 20o | 0,77+/−0,07 | 16*** | One-way ANOVA | F(2,45)=10.03 | p=0.0002 | ||||
| pPAK (s141)/PAK total | 1,15+/−0,08 | 12 | 1,1+/−0,06 | 19oo | 0,79+/−0,05 | 16*** | One-way ANOVA | F(2,44)=9.942 | p=0.0003 | ||||
| GAD65 | 1,35+/−0,13 | 12 | 0,88+/−0,06 | 20*** | 0,91+/−0,07 | 16** | One-way ANOVA | F(2,45)=9.342 | p=0.0004 | ||||
| DS-soluble fraction (membranous; ROD/actin) | |||||||||||||
| synaptophysin | 1,06+/−0,1 | 13 | 1,04+/−0,07 | 21 | 1,01+/−0,05 (17) | 17 | One-way ANOVA | F(2,48)=0.08795 | p=0.9160 | ||||
| PSD95 | 1,12+/−0,34 | 13 | 1,06+/−0,12 | 21 | 0,92+/−0,17 (17) | 17 | Welch ANOVA | F(2,24.817)=0.2841 | p=0.7551 | ||||
| GABAa alpha | 0,94+/−0,11 | 13 | 1,14+/−0,14 | 21 | 1,05+/−0,15 (17) | 17 | One-way ANOVA | F(2,48)=0.4626 | p=0.6324 | ||||
| gephyrin | 1,07+/−0,11 | 13 | 1,01+/−0,05 | 21 | 0,98+/−0,09 (17) | 17 | One-way ANOVA | F(2,48)=0.2993 | p=0.7427 | ||||
| VGLUT1 | 1+/−0,08 | 13 | 1,01+/−0,06 | 21 | 1,07+/−0,07 (17) | 17 | One-way ANOVA | F(2,48)=0.2704 | p=0.7643 | ||||
| Drebrin | 0,97+/−0,19 | 13 | 1,01+/−0,72 | 21 | 1,04+/−0,16 (17) | 17 | One-way ANOVA | F(2,40)=1.3420 | p=0.2728 | ||||
| Cofilin | 1,09+/−0,14 | 9 | 1,05+/−0,08 | 19 | 0,88+/−0,05 (18) | 18 | One-way ANOVA | F(2,43)=1.7186 | p=0.1914 | ||||
| GluN2B | 0,95+/−0,08 | 13 | 1,04+/−0,08 | 21 | 1+/−0,08 (17) | 17 | One-way ANOVA | F(2,48)=0.3249 | p=0.7242 | ||||
| Formic acid fraction (insoluble fraction; ROD/mg tissu) | |||||||||||||
| tau CP13/tau 5 | ----- | 0,5515+/−0,0845 | 14 | 1,52+/−0,4489 | 12 | Mann Whitney test | U(136,215) = 31.00 | p=0.0069 | |||||
| AT270/tau5 | ----- | 0,7286+/−0,204 | 14 | 1,32+/−0,4262 | 12 | Mann Whitney test | U(168,183) = 63.00 | p=0.2917 | |||||
| AD2/tau5 | ----- | 0,5782+/−0,089 | 14 | 1,59+/−0,467 | 10 | Mann Whitney test | U(139,161)=34.00 | p=0.0377 | |||||
| tau 5 | 0,86+/−0,17 | 10 | 1,34+/−0,12 | 16*o | 0,81+/−0,16 | 12# | One-way ANOVA | F(2,31)=3.568 | p=0.0403 | ||||
| tau13 | ----- | 1,23+/−0,16 | 16*o | 0,77+/−0,13 | 15# | Unpaired t-test | T(29)=2.628 | p=0.0136 | |||||
| tau CP13/tau 13 | ----- | 0,96+/−0,28 | 15 | 1,04+/−0,25 | 12 | Unpaired t-test | T(25)=0.2264 | p=0.8227 | |||||
| Abeta pathology (pg/mg tissu) | |||||||||||||
| Soluble-Abeta40 | ----- | ND () | ND () | ||||||||||
| Soluble-Abeta42 | ----- | 0,25+/−0,05 | 17 | 0,24+/−0,06 | 10 | Unpaired t-test | T(25)=0.1252 | p=0.9014 | |||||
| Insoluble-Abeta40 | ----- | 2,72+/−0,62 | 17 | 2,26+/−0,57 | 10 | Unpaired t-test | T(25)=0.4989 | p=0.6222 | |||||
| Insoluble-Abeta42 | ----- | 2,24+/−0,64 | 17 | 1,53+/−0,38 | 10 | Welch t-test | T(23)=0.9539 | p=0.3501 | |||||
| Molecular markers (ROD/g proteins) | |||||||||||||
| TBS-soluble actin | 0,89+/−0,07 | 13 | 1,03+/−0,07 | 21 | 1,04+/−0,07 | 17 | One-way ANOVA | F(2,48)=1.203 | p=0.3093 | ||||
| DS-soluble actin | 0,94+/−0,07 | 13 | 1+/−0,05 | 21 | 1,05+/−0,06 | 17 | One-way ANOVA | F(2,48)=0.7679 | p=0.4696 | ||||
| Morphological quantifications (Fig. 3) | |||||||||||||
| Spine density (10-60µm) | 1,3+/−0,37 | 9 | 1,43+/−0,2 | 15 | 0,7+/−0,2 | 11 | One-way ANOVA | F(2,32)=1,98 | p=0,153 | ||||
| Spine density (60-110µm) | 1,46+/−0,27 | 9 | 2,22+/−0,38 | 15 | 0,9+/−0,16 | 10## | One-way ANOVA | F(2,31)= 4,28 | p=0,022 | ||||
| Spine density (110-160µm) | 1,05+/−0,2 | 8 | 2+/−0,4 | 13 | 0,4+/−0,1 | 8## | One-way ANOVA | F(2,26)= 5,64 | p=0,0092 | ||||
| Spine length | 1,97+/−0,024 | 892 | 2,04+/−0,01 | 2003 | 2,12+/−0,03 | 774***# | One-way ANOVA | F(2,3666)=8,1 | p=0,0003 | ||||
| Sholl Analysis (length-Basal dendrite) | |||||||||||||
| 10-29 | 50,54+/−7,55 | 9 | 48,68+/−5,78 | 15 | 44,96+/−5,58 | 11 | One-way ANOVA | F(2,33)=0.18 | p=0.83 | ||||
| 30-49 | 115,65+/−13,01 | 9 | 131+/−15,56 | 15 | 112,72+/−9,56 | 11 | One-way ANOVA | F(2,33)=0.54 | p=0.58 | ||||
| 50-69 | 113,09+/−13,59 | 9 | 128,67+/−17,93 | 15 | 95,85+/−12,39 | 11 | One-way ANOVA | F(2.33)=1.12 | p=0.33 | ||||
| 70-89 | 106,37+/−14,6 | 8 | 113,94+/−9,78 | 15 | 70+/−9,68 | 11# | One-way ANOVA | F(2,32)=1,98 | p=0.048 | ||||
| 90-109 | 81,78+/−7,19 | 8 | 84,37+/−9,16 | 14 | 53,14+/−27,48 | 10*# | One-way ANOVA | F(2,30)=3.67 | p=0.037 | ||||
| 110-129 | 49,91+/−7,04 | 8 | 53,63+/−7,96 | 14 | 42,27+/−7,94 | 10 | One-way ANOVA | F(2,30)=0.55 | p=0.583 | ||||
| 130-149 | 22,43+/−4,05 | 7 | 22,56+/−4,34 | 11 | 20,72+/−6,53 | 8 | One-way ANOVA | F(2,24)=0.04 | p=0.96 | ||||
| 150-169 | 10,8+/−2,83 | 4 | 11,3+/−10,12 | 7 | 16,16+/−7,19 | 4 | One-way ANOVA | F(2,13)=0.67 | p=0.52 | ||||
| 170-189 | 8,55+/−1,5 | 2 | 10,09+/−1,61 | 5 | 8,73+/−2,03 | 2 | NA | NA | NA | ||||
| 190+ | 8,3+/−NA | 1 | 6,07+/−1,3 | 3 | 7,8+/−NA ( | 1 | NA | NA | NA | ||||
| Excitatory postsynaptic current (Fig. 4B) | |||||||||||||
| Mean frequency (Hz) | 1+/−0,39 | 6 | 1,44+/−0,39 | 5 | 0,58+/−0,18 | 6 | One-way ANOVA | F(2,15)=1,4 | p=0,27 | ||||
| Amplitude (pA) | 4,44+/−0,37 | 6 | 7,89+/−1,6 | 5 **oo | 4,1+/−0,58 | 6## | One-way ANOVA | F(2,15)=4.91 | p=0,024 | ||||
| Behavior quantifications (Fig. 5) | |||||||||||||
| Exploration (D1) | 29,8+/−2,6 | 13 | 28,7667+/−1,8 | 25 | 25,7+/−2,3576 | 30 | One-way ANOVA | F(2,65)=0.8572 | p=0.4291 | ||||
| Exploration (D2) | 22,7+/−3,2 | 13 | 15,6667+/−1 | 25 | 15,9+/−2 | 30 | Welch ANOVA | F(2,26.158)=2.1611 | p=0.1353 | ||||
| Exploration (D3) | 18,8+/−1,9 | 13 | 12,9+/−1.0 | 25* | 13,2+/−1,6 | 30* | One-way ANOVA | F(2,65)=3.9528 | p=0.0240 | ||||
| Stand up duration | 1,54+/−0,04 | 16 | 1,57+/−0,06 | 24 | 1,56+/−0,07 | 21 | One-way ANOVA | F(2,58)=0.0774 | p=0.9256 | ||||
| Latency | 14+/−2,3 | 16 | 24,3+/−3,9 | 26 | 28,2+/−3,6 | 20* | One-way ANOVA | F(2,59)=3.4962 | p=0.0367 | ||||
| Social interaction | ----- | 166,7+/−16 | 15o | 117+/−9 | 15# | Welch t-test | F(22)=2.674 | p=0.0139 | |||||
#p<0.05, ##p<0.01, ###p<0.001 (relative to 3xTg-AD)
o P<0.05, oo P<0.01 (relative to 3xTg-AD/dnPAK)
ROD: relative optical density
ND: not detected