Effect of saline (sal) or muscimol (62.5 and 125 ng/side) infused into the cingulate cortex before the choice phase on novel object recognition after a retention delay of 24 h. N = 10 rats in total. (A) Timeline of experiment 4 to illustrate the 24 h retention delay between the sample and the choice phase, the timing of the infusions 10 min before the choice phase and the repeated (×3) testing in the within-subjects design. (B) Effect of muscimol on the first minute of exploration time (sec, mean ± SEM) of a novel (Nov) and a familiar (Fam) object during the choice phase. (*) P < 0.05, significant difference when compared with the familiar object. (C) Choice performance presented as the discrimination ratio during the first minute of exploration (mean ± SEM); stippled line indicates chance. (*) P < 0.05, significantly different from the saline condition; (#) P < 0.05, significantly different from chance.