Table 1. Summary of human papillomavirus vaccination programs, outcomes and cervical screening programs.
| Australia | USA | United Kingdom | Denmark | Scotland | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Delivery route | School | Clinic | Mostly school | Clinic | School |
| HPV vaccine program
commencement |
2007 | 2006 | 2008 | 2009 | 2008 |
| Vaccine type | 4vHPV
Ongoing |
4vHPV
2006-2016 9vHPV December 2016 |
2vHPV
2008-2012 4vHPV 2012 |
4vHPV | 2vHPV
2008-2012 4vHPV 2012 |
| Three-dose schedule | Yes | ||||
| Two-dose schedule a | No | Yes October 2016 | Yes September
2014 |
Yes 2014 | Yes 2014 |
| Females | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Target age, years | 12-13 | 11-12 | 12-13 | 12 | 12-13 |
| Males (routine) | Yes from 2013 | Yes from 2011 | No | No | No |
| Target age males,
years |
12-13 | 11-12 | - | - | - |
| Catch-up program | 12-26 ♀
2007-2009 14-15 years old ♂ 2013-2015 |
13-26 ♀
Ongoing |
Up to 18 ♀
2009-2011 |
13 -15 ♀
2009 2nd catch-up 20-27 ♀ 2012 |
13-17 ♀
2008-2011 |
| Estimated coverage | 2015 | 2015 | 2013/2014 | 2015 | |
| Three doses | 77.4% ♀
66.4% ♂ |
41.9% ♀
28.1% ♂ |
86.7% | 82% | 12-13 years old 90%
Catch-up cohort 66% |
| At least one dose | 85.6% ♀
77% ♂ |
62.8% ♀
49.8% ♂ |
91.1% | 90% | >90% |
| Vaccine-type HPV
infection reduction |
18-26 years old
3x dose 86% 2x dose 76% |
2010
14-19 ♀ 56% 2012 14-19 years old ♀ 64% 20-24 ♀ 34% |
16-18 years old
HPV 16/18 prevalence reduce from 19.1% to 6.5% |
Not available | HPV 16/18
prevalence reduce from 29.8% to 13.6% |
| Genital warts (types
6/11) Reduction |
Up to 92% | <21 years old 34.8%
>21 years old 10% |
2vHPV
20.8% 4vHPV- 38.9% ♀ 30.2% ♂ |
2013
<18 ♀ up to 55.1% <18 years old ♂ up to 36.6% |
Since 4vHPV vaccine
use, decline in wart prescription (personal communication, Kevin Pollock, 5 January 2017) |
| CIN/
Adenocarcinoma Reduction |
Low-grade
34% High-grade 47% <20 years old 54% 20-24 years old 37% |
HPV16/18 CIN2+
♀vaccinated >24 months before PAP versus unvaccinated ♀, adjusted prevalence ratio of 0.67 |
Not available | Atypia
<18 years old 33.4% (annual percentage) 18-20 years old 12.6% CIN2+ 18-20 years old 14% |
CIN1 29%
CIN2 50% CIN3 55% |
| Screening program:
Type and interval age commencement |
Cervical cytology
18-69 every 2 years |
Cervical cytology
21-65 every 3 years |
Cervical cytology
25-49 every 3 years 50-64 every 5 years January 2016: UK National Screening Committee recommend HPV primary screening (to commence in the near future) 90 |
Cervical cytology
23-49 every 3 years 50-65 every 5 years |
Cervical cytology
25-49 every 3 years 50-64 every 5 years |
| Comments | 1 May 2017 to be
changed to HPV DNA every 5 years for 25-74 years old |
Since 2014,
two-dose schedule <15 years old >15 years old on initiation, three- dose schedule |
Since 2014,
two-dose schedule <15 years old >15 years old on initiation, three-dose schedule |
Screening prior to
2013, 20-60 years old every 3 years |
|
| Additional references | 25, 91 | 92– 96 | 97– 100 | 101, 102 |
103,
104
|
aLess than 15 years at the time of first dose: two-dose regimen of a prime and a boost separated by a minimum of 6 months 73.
2vHPV, bivalent human papillomavirus vaccine; 4vHPV, quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine; 9vHPV, nonavalent human papillomavirus vaccine; CIN, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia; HPV, human papillomavirus; PAP, Papanicolaou test.