Table 3. Description of study characteristics.

First author (Ref)	Year	Country	Design	Sample size	Malaria study	Region	Children/ Adult	Sex (% female)
Sjowall J 27	2012	Sweden	Randomized control trial	15	No	High income	Adult	40.0
Scott UI 28	2014	USA	Randomized control trial	33	No	High income	Adult	36.4
Frey SG 9	2010	Cameroon	Survey	213	Yes	Low income	Child	51.2
Wells TS 29	2006	Japan	Cohort	8858	No	High income	Adult	0.0
Pasadhika S 10	2010	USA	Randomized control trial	16	No	High income	Adult	100.0
Van-riemsdijk MM 30	2004	Netherlands	Cohort	151	No	High income	Adult	57.1
Bhatia MS 31	1995	India	Cohort	30	No	Low income	Adult	Absent
Potasman I 32	2000	Israel	Survey	1340	No	High income	Adult	54.7
Ter Kuile FO 33	1995	Thailand	Cohort	3673	No	High income	Adult	37.6
Corbett El 34	1996	Britain	Survey	255	No	High income	Adult	Absent
Barrett PJ 35	1996	Britain	Cohort	2395	No	High income	Adult	58.1
Beny A 5	2001	Israel	Survey	15	No	High income	Adult	33.3
Gump DW 36	1977	USA	Randomized control trial	60	No	High income	Adult	100.0
Wang H 37	2014	China	Randomized control trial	100	No	High income	Adult	53.0
Schneider C 38	2013	Switzerland	Cohort	952	No	High income	Adult	66.5
Biswas PS 39	2014	India	Cohort	51	No	Low income	Adult	50.0
Sheehy TW 40	1967	Vietnam	Randomized control trial	155	No	Low income	Adult	0.0
Thisted RA 6	2006	USA	Randomized control trial	31	No	High income	Adult	17.0
Aarnoudse Al 41	2006	Absent	Cohort	89	No	Absent	Adult	46.1
Van-riemsdijk MM 42	2002	Netherlands	Cohort	179	No	High income	Adult	46.9
Bhatia MS 31	1994	India	Randomized control trial	30	No	High income	Adult	Absent
Ringqvist A 43	2014	Denmark	Cohort	73	No	High income	Adult	54.8
Loeb MB 44	2004	Canada	Randomized control trial	51	No	High income	Adult	58.8
Held TH 45	1991	Germany	Randomized control trial	20	No	High income	Adult	Absent
Adjei GO 46	2008	Ghana	Randomized trial	227	Yes	High income	Child	47.6
Briand V 47	2009	Benin	Randomized trial	1609	No	Low income	Adult	100
Vugt MV 48	2000	Thailand	Case control	158	No	High income	Mixed	29.1
Aceng JR 49	2005	Uganda	Randomized trial	103	Yes	Low income	Child	Absent
Adam I 50	2005	Sudan	Randomized trial	60	Yes	Low income	Adult	56.7
Toovey S 51	2003	Mozambique	Case control	300	Yes	Low income	Adult	1.3
Tange RA 52	1997	Netherlands	Case control	21	Yes	High income	Adult	38.1
Pasvol G 53	1991	Kenya	Randomized trial	59	Yes	Low income	Child	Absent
Schlagenhauf P 54	2003	Multiple	Randomized trial	623	No	High income	Adult	Absent
Vugt MV 55	1998	Thailand	Randomized trial	617	Yes	High income	Mixed	31.8
Ekue JMK 56	1983	Zambia	Randomized trial	98	Yes	Low income	Mixed	0
Price R 57	1999	Thailand	Randomized trial	4965	Yes	High income	Mixed	43.7
Overbosch D 58	2001	Multiple	Randomized trial	976	No	Low income	Mixed	45
Anh TK 59	1990	Vietnam	Randomized trial	240	Yes	Low income	Mixed	0
Bunnag D 60	1996	Thailand	Comparative study	120	Yes	High income	Adult	Absent
Ndam-Denoeud L 61	2012	Benin	Cohort	524	No	Low income	Adult	0
Harinasuta T 62	1985	Thailand	Randomized trial	40	Yes	High income	Mixed	40
Mohanty AK 63	2004	India	Randomized control trial	80	Yes	Low income	Child	42
Potasman I 64	2002	Israel	Randomized control trial	90	No	High income	Adult	54.6
Rendi-Wagner P 65	2002	Austria	Randomized trial	22	No	High income	Adult	52.5
Steffen R 66	1993	Europe	Survey	139164	No	High income	Mixed	70
Van-riemsdijk MM 67	2005	Netherlands	Case control study	800	No	High income	Adult	Absent
Meier CR 68	2004	UK	Case control study	35370	No	High income	Adult	37.8
Van Riemsdijk MM 7	2002	Netherlands	Randomized control trial	119	No	High income	Adult	Absent
Andersson H 69	2008	Sweden	Survey	1170	No	High income	Adult	4.8
Adshead S 70	2014	UK	Survey	111	No	High income	Adult	87.5