Table 5.

SMD, 95% CIs for the effect of self-management interventions compared with control conditions on measures of health-related quality of life, with measures of heterogeneity

Moderators	Number of interventions	Number of participants within trials			Measure of effect
		Total	Intervention	Control	SMD (95% CI)	P-value
Overall effect	28	3,518	1,827	1,691	−0.16 (−0.25 to −0.07)	0.001
Severitya
Moderate	10	1,172	610	562	−0.12 (−0.28 to 0.03)	0.12
Severe	14	1,644	874	770	−0.21 (−0.35 to −0.08)	0.01
Between group						0.39
Model of careb
Single practitioner	17	2,297	1,204	1,093	−0.17 (−0.29 to −0.06)	<0.01
Multidisciplinary team	9	1,117	581	536	−0.10 (−0.27 to 0.07)	0.23
Between group						0.49
Duration of intervention
Single session	5	637	321	316	−0.03 (−0.23 to 0.17)	0.77
Multiple session	23	2,881	1,506	1,375	−0.19 (−0.29 to −0.09)	<0.001
Between group						0.17
Session format
Individual	17	2,301	1,182	1,119	−0.14 (−0.25 to −0.02)	0.02
Group	10	789	420	369	−0.20 (−0.39 to 0.01)	0.04
Between group						0.56
Mental health
Targeted	11	1,313	698	615	−0.27 (−0.41 to −0.13)	<0.001
Not targeted	17	2,205	1,129	1,076	−0.08 (−0.19 to 0.02)	0.12
Between group						0.04
Physical activity
Targeted	18	2,550	1,297	1,253	−0.17 (−0.28 to −0.05)	<0.01
Not targeted	10	968	530	438	−0.14 (−0.30 to −0.02)	0.08
Between group						0.83

Notes: The number of participants has now been added as additional columns. The number of trials will not always equal 28 as missing data in some studies.

^aSample were, at baseline, predominantly classified as severe according to GOLD criteria. Studies may not have actively recruited a severe sample.

^bIntervention was delivered by a single provider (of any profession) rather than multidisciplinary team. Bold values indicate significant values.

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; GOLD, Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease; SMD, standardized mean difference.