Table 5. Multivariate mixed-effects logistic regression analysis to identify the client and facility-level determinants of quality of care in family planning services in Ethiopia (n = 1247).
| Variables | Univariate model COR (95% CI) |
Model I (empty) AOR (95% CI) |
Model II AOR (95% CI) |
Model III AOR (95% CI) |
Model IV AOR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Client-level variables | |||||
| Client age | 1.02 (1.00–1.04)* | 1.03 (1.00–1.05)* | 1.02 (1.00–1.04)* | ||
| Client’s waiting time | |||||
| <30min | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
| 30min- 2hrs | 0.19(0.07–0.53)** | 0.10 (0.03–0.31)** | 0.11(0.03–0.33)* | ||
| >2hrs or don’t know | 0.84 (0.26–2.68) | 0.41 (0.09–1.85) | 0.47(0.11–2.08) | ||
| Privacy maintained | |||||
| No | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Yes | 1.68 (0.67–4.25) | 1.78 (0.51–6.20) | 1.96(0.57–6.72) | ||
| Number of history and physical assessments | 1.15 (1.01–1.31)* | 1.20 (1.03, 1.40)* | 1.19(1.03–1.34)* | ||
| Information provided about the contraceptive method’s potential side effects | |||||
| No | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Yes | 4.19 (1.80–9.72) | 5.63 (2.14–14.82))** | 5.22(2.13–12.80)** | ||
| Duration of consultation | 0.93 (0.85–1.02) | 0.90 (0.82–0.99)* | 0.90 (0.82–0.99) | ||
| Facility-level variables | |||||
| Facility ownership | |||||
| Private | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Public | 8.43 (1.41–50.31) | 4.32 (0.63–29.70) | 5.39 (0.69–41.75) | ||
| Types of facility by level | |||||
| Lower-level | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Higher-level | 0.27 (0.10–0.71) | 0.39 (0.14–1.07) | 0.86 (0.26–2.83) | ||
| Facility by location | |||||
| Rural | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Urban | 1.50 (0.41–5.55) | 3.54(1.00–12.50)* | 4.61(1.04–20.58)* | ||
| Number of basic amenities | 0.65 (0.38–1.12) | 0.68 (0.41–1.15) | 0.43 (0.22–0.84) | ||
| Availability of supervision in the past six months | |||||
| No | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Yes | 4.35 (1.25–15.07)* | 2.98 (1.18–7.54)* | 2.54 (0.81–7.97) | ||
| Number of quality stock organization measures | |||||
| No stock | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
| 1–4 stock | 0.77 (0.16–3.86) | 1.23 (0.35–4.42) | 0.46 (0.10–2.00) | ||
| 5–8 stock | 1.04 (0.31–3.46) | 1.41 (0.57–3.54) | 1.30 (0.52–1.24) | ||
| System to collect client opinion | |||||
| No | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Yes | 2.25 (0.46–11.07) | 1.53 (0.54–4.36) | 1.36 (0.35–5.26) | ||
| Contraceptives offered/ prescribed | 0.77 (0.53–1.09) | 0.85 (.62–1.17) | 0.80 (0.52–1.24) | ||
| Availability of FP guidelines/protocols | |||||
| No | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Yes | 3.39 (1.45–11.07)* | 3.62 (1.23–10.64)* | 4.90 (1.19–20.19)* | ||
| Number of IP precaution measures | 0.84 (0.66–1.07) | 0.93 (0.72–1.19) | 0.90 (0.66–1.22) | ||
| Number of FP equipment and supplies | 0.86 (0.66–1.12) | 1.00(0.83–1.20) | 0.96 (0.77–1.21) | ||
| Random effect | |||||
| Variance (SE) | 1.61 (0.34)* | 9.38 (4.91)* | 3.49 (1.12)* | 6.15 (2.35)* | |
| ICC (%) | 32.8% | 34.4% | 28.1% | 31.5% | |
| Model Fitness | |||||
| Log Likelihood | -768.13 | -674.6 | -754.60 | -664.52 | |
| AIC | 1540.3 | 1367.3 | 1539.2 | 1372.05 | |
*P-value< 0.05
**p-value<0.01
AOR- Crude Odds Ratio, AOR- Adjusted Odds Ratio, CI- Confidence Interval, IP- Infection Prevention FP- Family Planning, SE-Standard Error, ICC- Intraclass Correlation Coefficient, AIC- Akaike Information Criterion