Figure 5. CARMIL2-deficiency impairs CD28-mediated T-cell function.

(a) Dot and histogram plots of CD25 surface expression and/or CFSE-dilution on CD4 and CD8 T cells without (medium) and after stimulation for 5 days with anti-CD3, anti-CD3/CD28 or PMA/ionomycin (P/I) and summary of CD4 and CD8 T-cell median CD25 MFI and proliferation percentages for six HD and four patients. (b) Multiplex cytokine assay for IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IL-17A, GM-CSF, IFN-γ and TNF-α (pg ml⁻¹) in the supernatant collected after 48 h from T cells analysed in a. Small horizontal lines indicate the median. Each symbol represents an individual donor. Data are representative of four independent experiments with n=4 and pooled supernatants (b). Significance levels are calculated with Welch's t-test and indicated in the summary graphs (NS=non significant).