Table 1.
Sample Characteristics
| Variables | Total Cases (N=1070) | Participation (N=920) | Non-participation (N=150) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean(SE)/% | Mean(SE)/% | Mean(SE)/% | |
| Gender(Male) | 64.76% | 62.05% | 69.65% |
| Age | 70.24(0.31) | 70.54(0.35) | 68.75(0.69)* |
| Marital status(Married) | 45.30% | 45.34% | 45.10% |
| Education | |||
| Illiterate | 50.34% | 52.63% | 39.22%** |
| Primary School | 38.93% | 36.84% | 49.02%* |
| High school and above | 10.74% | 10.53% | 11.76% |
| Household income per capita (Ln+1) | 8.02(0.06) | 7.98(0.05) | 8.22(0.21) |
| Income square(Ln+1) | 66.34(0.75) | 65.15(0.75) | 72.09(2.42)** |
| ADL | 40.43(0.25) | 40.61(0.27) | 39.55(0.66) |
| Chronic disease | 80.59% | 79.96% | 83.65% |
| Family structure | |||
| Childlessness | 8.13% | 5.41% | 21.36%*** |
| Only daughters | 8.14% | 8.81% | 4.85% |
| One child | 19.77% | 19.64% | 20.39% |
| At least one son | 63.95% | 66.13% | 53.40%** |
| Quality of life | 77.98(0.53) | 79.19(0.54) | 72.09(1.51)*** |
| SAB | 11.87(0.14) | 11.87(0.16) | 11.89(0.31) |
| AUT | 13.40(0.14) | 13.51(0.15) | 12.87(0.34)* |
| PPF | 12.66(0.11) | 12.85(0.12) | 11.69(0.29)*** |
| SOP | 12.77(0.12) | 13.00(0.13) | 11.61(0.32)*** |
| DAD | 12.59(0.11) | 12.80(0.12) | 11.58(0.26)*** |
| INT | 14.17(0.14) | 14.53(0.14) | 12.39(0.44)*** |
Note:
***
P<0.001,
**
P<0.01,
*
P<0.05