Table 1.
Associations between patient characteristics, online characteristics, and attitudes with number of chronic conditions (N=3497).
| Respondent characteristics | Number of chronic conditions, n (weighted %)a | χ2 (df) | P value | |||
|
|
0 | 1 | ≥2 |
|
|
|
| Overall | 1050 (39.8) | 892 (26.0) | 1555 (34.1) |
|
|
|
| Sex |
|
|
|
5.5 (2) | .007 | |
|
|
Female | 624 (36.2) | 543 (27.3) | 920 (36.5) |
|
|
|
|
Male | 420 (43.5) | 344 (25.2) | 605 (31.3) |
|
|
| Age (years) |
|
|
|
59.5 (8) | <.001 | |
|
|
18-34 | 283 (64.6) | 117 (25.4) | 60 (10.0) |
|
|
|
|
35-49 | 322 (48.1) | 200 (24.2) | 188 (27.8) |
|
|
|
|
50-64 | 272 (30.9) | 299 (28.9) | 556 (40.3) |
|
|
|
|
65-74 | 72 (14.9) | 149 (27.0) | 349 (58.1) |
|
|
|
|
≥75 | 28 (6.3) | 74 (21.4) | 274 (72.2) |
|
|
| Race/ethnicity |
|
|
|
4.1 (8) | .001 | |
|
|
Hispanic | 185 (41.9) | 132 (28.5) | 194 (29.6) |
|
|
|
|
Non-Hispanic White | 555 (38.7) | 496 (26.1) | 844 (35.2) |
|
|
|
|
Non-Hispanic Black | 142 (39.9) | 123 (24.0) | 252 (36.1) |
|
|
|
|
Non-Hispanic other | 94 (57.4) | 56 (22.5) | 85 (20.0) |
|
|
|
|
Missing | 74 (28.9) | 85 (26.9) | 180 (44.2) |
|
|
| Education |
|
|
|
12.1 (6) | <.001 | |
|
|
Less than high school | 59 (27.5) | 65 (27.0) | 163 (45.6) |
|
|
|
|
High school graduate | 171 (38.1) | 140 (23.0) | 323 (38.9) |
|
|
|
|
Some college | 257 (34.9) | 282 (27.0) | 511 (38.1) |
|
|
|
|
College graduate | 534 (49.6) | 377 (26.7) | 500 (23.7) |
|
|
| Income (US$) |
|
|
|
8.3 (8) | <.001 | |
|
|
<$20,000 | 163 (31.5) | 182 (27.0) | 442 (41.5) |
|
|
|
|
$20,000 to <$35,000 | 127 (29.1) | 116 (22.1) | 265 (48.8) |
|
|
|
|
$35,000 to <$50,000 | 145 (40.6) | 139 (26.7) | 220 (32.7) |
|
|
|
|
$50,000 to <$75,000 | 180 (38.2) | 153 (26.7) | 252 (35.0) |
|
|
|
|
≥$75,000 | 421 (48.7) | 295 (26.5) | 349 (24.9) |
|
|
| Health insurance |
|
|
|
9.3 (2) | <.001 | |
|
|
Yes | 872 (38.3) | 768 (25.8) | 1397 (35.9) |
|
|
|
|
No | 168 (51.6) | 110 (27.2) | 130 (21.2) |
|
|
| Regular provider |
|
|
|
50.1 (2) | <.001 | |
|
|
Yes | 548 (32.4) | 612 (25.1) | 1256 (42.5) |
|
|
|
|
No | 494 (54.3) | 266 (27.7) | 268 (18.0) |
|
|
| Self-reported ability to take care of own health |
|
|
|
9.7 (4) | <.001 | |
|
|
Completely confident/very confident | 787 (42.9) | 629 (27.2) | 890 (29.8) |
|
|
|
|
Somewhat confident | 224 (34.8) | 231 (24.8) | 518 (40.4) |
|
|
|
|
A little confident/not at all confident | 36 (25.9) | 29 (19.2) | 137 (54.9) |
|
|
| Self-reported general health |
|
|
|
52.0 (4) | <.001 | |
|
|
Excellent/very good | 675 (53.3) | 443 (26.4) | 427 (20.3) |
|
|
|
|
Good | 301 (31.5) | 345 (28.8) | 672 (39.7) |
|
|
|
|
Fair/Poor | 69 (17.9) | 97 (17.5) | 443 (64.7) |
|
|
| Regular Internet use |
|
|
|
35.9 (2) | <.001 | |
|
|
Yes | 923 (42.9) | 709 (26.1) | 1077 (31.0) |
|
|
|
|
No | 123 (25.3) | 173 (25.4) | 455 (49.2) |
|
|
| Accessed EHRs at least once |
|
|
|
0.5 (2) | .61 | |
|
|
Yes | 284 (28.0) | 250 (26.7) | 371 (25.5) |
|
|
|
|
No | 757 (72.0) | 630 (73.3) | 1158 (74.5) |
|
|
| Frequency of EHR access |
|
|
|
5.6 (8) | <.001 | |
|
|
Never | 757 (72.0) | 630 (73.3) | 1158 (74.5) |
|
|
|
|
1-2 times | 158 (15.4) | 124 (14.2) | 153 (9.1) |
|
|
|
|
3-5 times | 74 (7.5) | 78 (7.4) | 101 (7.6) |
|
|
|
|
6-9 times | 24 (2.2) | 30 (3.4) | 57 (3.7) |
|
|
|
|
≥10 times | 28 (2.9) | 18 (1.6) | 60 (5.1) |
|
|
| Use a mobile phone or tablet |
|
|
|
36.7 (2) | <.001 | |
|
|
Yes | 848 (44.9) | 610 (26.0) | 854 (29.1) |
|
|
|
|
No |
185 (25.7) | 256 (26.2) | 638 (48.1) |
|
|
| Use health-related mobile phone/tablet apps |
|
|
|
0.7 (2) | .49 | |
|
|
Yes | 297 (46.0) | 204 (24.4) | 295 (29.6) |
|
|
|
|
No | 522 (44.2) | 388 (27.9) | 516 (27.9) |
|
|
| Exchanged emails with provider(s) |
|
|
|
0.3 (2) | .76 | |
|
|
Yes | 246 (42.0) | 206 (25.7) | 331 (32.3) |
|
|
|
|
No | 791 (39.6) | 662 (26.1) | 1179 (34.3) |
|
|
| Confidence that PHI is safe |
|
|
|
2.0 (2) | .11 | |
|
|
Very confident | 207 (38.9) | 178 (23.7) | 389 (37.5) |
|
|
|
|
Somewhat confident | 534 (38.3) | 473 (27.4) | 809 (34.3) |
|
|
|
|
Not confident | 295 (44.4) | 221 (24.9) | 324 (30.8) |
|
|
| Control privacy of records |
|
|
|
3.3 (4) | .02 | |
|
|
Very confident | 255 (34.5) | 246 (26.8) | 487 (38.7) |
|
|
|
|
Somewhat confident | 479 (39.2) | 420 (26.0) | 733 (34.7) |
|
|
|
|
Not confident | 307 (47.6) | 215 (25.2) | 302 (27.1) |
|
|
| Ever withheld information due to privacy concern |
|
|
|
0.4 (2) | .66 | |
|
|
Yes | 160 (43.0) | 128 (24.4) | 222 (32.6) |
|
|
|
|
No | 882 (39.4) | 754 (26.3) | 1306 (34.2) |
|
|
| Concerned about security of information when sent between providers | 1.2 (4) | .32 | ||||
|
|
Very concerned | 226 (41.9) | 191 (25.9) | 338 (32.3) |
|
|
|
|
Somewhat concerned | 510 (40.4) | 431 (24.4) | 756 (35.3) |
|
|
|
|
Not concerned | 305 (37.9) | 259 (28.9) | 433 (33.2) |
|
|
a Percentages are weighted.