Table 5.

Correlation between mean urinary biomarker concentration and mean measured PM_2.5 levels

Biomarker	Mean 48 hr PM2.5a ρ (p)b
2-naphthol	0.82 (<0.001)
1-hydroxyfluorene	0.76 (<0.001)
2-hydroxyfluorene	0.93 (<0.001)
3-hydroxyfluorene	0.76 (<0.001)
1-hydroxyphenanthrene	0.86 (<0.001)
2-hydroxyphenanthrene	0.78 (<0.001)
3,4-hydroxyphenanthrene	0.84 (<0.001)
1-hydroxypyrene	0.84 (<0.001)
Total PAH	0.89 (<0.001)
PMA	0.80 (<0.001)
MHBMA-3	0.49 (0.06)
HEMA	0.24 (0.39)
MMA	0.13 (0.66)
CNEMA	0.59 (0.02)
3HPMA	0.35 (0.20)
2HPMA	0.18 (0.52)
AAMA	0.29 (0.30)
HPMMA	−0.09 (0.76)
isoprostane	0.14 (0.66)
8-OHdG	0.22 (0.49)

^aIndicates average of measurements taken on six separate visits from pregnancy to three months postnatal.

^bDetermined by Spearman rank correlation.