Table 3.
Final Cox proportional hazards model of risk factors for ICU-onset blood stream infections.
| Risk Factors | BSI/Total Exposed (%) | Hazard Ratio (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|
| PPIs | ||
| No | 222 / 10,134 (2.2%) | Ref |
| Yes | 534 / 14,640 (3.7%) | 1.08 (0.91–1.29) |
| H2RAs only | ||
| No | 704 / 23,343 (3.0%) | Ref |
| Yes | 52 / 1,431 (3.6%) | 1.01 (0.74–1.38) |
| Age category | ||
| Under 45 | 115 / 4,559 (2.5%) | Ref |
| 45–65 | 288 / 8,583 (3.4%) | 1.21 (0.97–1.50) |
| 65+ | 353 / 11,632 (3.0%) | 1.23 (0.99–1.52) |
| CCI | ||
| 0–2 | 379 / 14,609 (2.6%) | Ref |
| 3+ | 377 / 10,165 (3.7%) | 1.17 (1.01–1.35) |
| Antibiotics | ||
| None | 169 / 13,368 (1.3%) | Ref |
| Narrow spectrum | 156 / 5,673 (2.8%) | 1.70 (1.36–2.13) |
| Broad spectrum | 431 / 5,733 (7.5%) | 2.44 (2.00–2.96) |
| Central venous catheter | ||
| No | 180 / 10,969 (1.6%) | Ref |
| Yes | 576 / 13,805 (4.2%) | 1.08 (0.89–1.31) |
| Mechanical ventilation | ||
| No | 336 / 17,944 (1.9%) | Ref |
| Yes | 420 / 6,830 (6.2%) | 1.42 (1.21–1.66) |
ICU, intensive care unit; BSI, bloodstream infections; CI, confidence interval; PPIs, proton pump inhibitors; H2RAs, histamine-2 receptor antagonists; HR, Hazard Ratio; CCI, Charlson Comorbidity Index.