Table 2.
Baseline co-morbidities
| BILEVEL-PAP N=9,156 |
CPAP N=39,385 |
NIPPV N=315 |
p- value* |
No PAP treatment N=464,684 |
p- value† |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N (%) | |||||||
| Cancers | |||||||
| Cancer (breast, colorectal, lung, and prostate) |
573 (6.3%) | 2,315 (5.9%) | 30 (9.5%) | 0.011 | 31,827 (6.9%) | <0.001 | |
| Lung cancer | 149 (1.6%) | 484 (1.2%) | 12 (3.8%) | <0.001 | 8,438 (1.8%) | <0.001 | |
| Cardiovascular | |||||||
| Atrial fibrillation | 1,660 (18.1%) | 4,454 (11.3%) | 65 (20.6%) | <0.001 | 39,079 (8.4%) | <0.001 | |
| Congestive heart failure | 2,567 (28.0%) | 4,956 (12.6%) | 110 (34.9%) | <0.001 | 43,073 (9.3%) | <0.001 | |
| Coronary heart disease | 2,766 (30.2%) | 9,302 (23.6%) | 104 (33.0%) | <0.001 | 82,282 (17.7%) | <0.001 | |
| Hypercholesterolemia | 1,186 (13.0%) | 5,061 (12.9%) | 35 (11.1%) | 0.627 | 48,608 (10.5%) | <0.001 | |
| Hyperlipidemia | 2,929 (32.0%) | 12,741 (32.4%) | 75 (23.8%) | <0.001 | 121, 483 (26.1%) | <0.001 | |
| Hypertension | 5,858 (64.0%) | 23,413 (59.5%) | 195 (61.9%) | <0.001 | 228,094 (49.1%) | <0.001 | |
| Ischemic heart disease | 547 (6.0%) | 1,637 (4.2%) | 15 (4.8%) | <0.001 | 14,683 (3.2%) | <0.001 | |
| Chronic kidney disease | 1,794 (19.6%) | 4,496 (11.4%) | 66 (21.0%) | <0.001 | 43,007 (9.3%) | <0.001 | |
| Cerebrovascular | |||||||
| Stroke | 917 (10.0%) | 3,074 (7.8%) | 33 (10.5%) | <0.001 | 34,541 (7.4%) | <0.001 | |
| Mental | |||||||
| Alzheimer’s disease and related dementia |
138 (1.5%) | 382 (1.0%) | 7 (2.2%) | <0.001 | 10,274 (2.2%) | <0.001 | |
| Anxiety disorders | 682 (7.5%) | 2,960 (7.5%) | 48 (15.2%) | <0.001 | 30,748 (6.6%) | <0.001 | |
| Bipolar disorder (manic depression) |
121 (1.3%) | 443 (1.1%) | 5 (1.6%) | <0.001 | 3,636 (0.8%) | <0.001 | |
| Depression | 937 (10.2%) | 3,851 (9.8%) | 48 (15.2%) | <0.001 | 32,616 (7.0%) | <0.001 | |
| Schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders |
26 (0.3%) | 60 (0.2%) | 0 (0%) | 0.019 | 786 (0.2%) | 0.725 | |
| Metabolic | |||||||
| Diabetes | 3,859 (42.2%) | 13,406 (34.04%) | 94 (29.8%) | <0.001 | 95,552 (20.6%) | <0.001 | |
| Musculoskeletal/Connective Tissue | |||||||
| Osteoporosis | 213 (2.3%) | 746 (1.9%) | 22 (7.0%) | <0.001 | 15,073 (3.2%) | <0.001 | |
| Rheumatoid arthritis and related disease |
298 (3.3%) | 1,168 (3.0%) | 7 (2.2%) | <0.001 | 11,378 (2.5%) | <0.001 | |
| Osteoarthritis | 4,899 (17.8%) | 19,680 (16.7%) | 29 (9.2%) | <0.001 | 60,829 (13.1%) | <0.001 | |
| Respiratory | |||||||
| Asthma | 1,889 (20.6%) | 8,734 (22.3%) | 69 (21.9%) | 0.006 | 65,794 (14.2%) | <0.001 | |
| Sleep | |||||||
| Sleep disordered breathing | 5,410 (59.1%) | 22,616 (57.4%) | 64 (20.3%) | <0.001 | 14,840 (3.2%) | <0.001 | |
| Chronic respiratory failure | 551 (6.0%) | 448 (1.1%) | 89 (28.3%) | <0.001 | 1,655 (0.4%) | <0.001 | |
| Hypoxemia | 1,512 (16.5%) | 3,005 (7.6%) | 95 (30.2%) | <0.001 | 17,664 (3.8%) | <0.001 | |
| Insomnia | 727 (7.9%) | 3,854 (9.8%) | 23 (7.3%) | <0.001 | 16,049 (3.5%) | <0.001 | |
| Morbid Obesity | 1,030 (11.3%) | 2,870 (7.3%) | 22 (7.0%) | <0.001 | 7,179 (1.5%) | <0.001 | |
| Restrictive thoracic disorder | 307 (3.4%) | 469 (1.2%) | 32 (10.2%) | <0.001 | 5,771 (1.2%) | <0.001 | |
| Acute Respiratory Failure | 2,019 (22.1%) | 2,484 (6.3%) | 178 (56.5%) | <0.001 | 21,316 (4.6%) | <0.001 | |
*
p-value from Chi-2 test for difference across treatments
†
p-value from Chi-2 test for difference between treated vs. non-treated groups