TABLE 1.
Subject characteristics at pre- and post-intervention.
| CONT (n=11) | MICT (n=13) | HIIT (n=14) | P values group × time |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre | Post | Pre | Post | Pre | Post | ||
| Age (years) | 63±2 | - | 65±2 | - | 65±1 | - | |
| Height (cm) | 163.9±2.4 | - | 163.4±2.3 | - | 160.8±3.1 | - | |
| Weight (kg) | 68.2±4.3 | 68.7±4.4 | 76.6±2.8 | 76.0±2.6 | 72.9±4.0 | 72.8±3.8 | 0.4 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 25.3±1.4 | 25.5±1.4 | 28.7±1.0 | 28.5±0.9 | 28.1±1.2 | 28.0±1.1 | 0.4 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 88.9±4.5 | 88.6±4.1 | 97.6±3.4 | 95.7±3.2 | 96.6±4.2 | 95.4±3.2 | 0.7 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 179±12 | 188±12 | 210±14 | 208±9 | 202±11 | 190±10 | 0.1 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 56±4 | 62±5 | 56±4 | 55±4 | 66±6 | 66±6 | 0.1 |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 103±9 | 103±11 | 130±12 | 129±7 | 114±7 | 104±7 | 0.5 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 89±12 | 115±16 | 117±14 | 119±17 | 103±21 | 96±13 | 0.2 |
| VO2peak (ml/kg/min) | 25.1±1.7 | 25.2±1.6 | 26.0±1.8 | 26.2±1.8 | 22.9±0.8 | 25.8±0.9* | 0.001 |
| HRpeak (beats/min) | 158±6 | 154±6 | 164±4 | 163±4 | 154±4 | 156±3 | 0.3 |
| Physical activity | |||||||
| Counts/min/day | 475±41 | 468±34 | 439±38 | 477±52 | 446±23 | 490±32 | 0.4 |
| Steps/day | 5910±439 | 5853±515 | 5460±697 | 5612±667 | 5850±350 | 5996±569 | 0.9 |
| Medication use for | |||||||
| Hypertension, n | 3 | - | 2 | - | 3 | - | |
| Lipid lowering, n | 3 | - | 5 | - | 5 | - | |
Values are mean ± SEM. P values for group × time interaction are based on 3 × 2 ANOVA with repeated measures.
*
P<0.05 vs. pre-intervention are based on multiple pairwise comparisons adjusted by Bonferroni correction.
CONT, non-exercise controls; MICT, moderate-intensity continuous training; HIIT, high-intensity interval training; VO2peak, peak oxygen consumption; HRpeak, peak heart rate; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein.