Table 2.

Factors Associated With Perceived Effect of EHRs on Healthcare Quality

Characteristic	Association With Belief EHRs Will Improve Healthcare Quality: OR (95% CI)
	2011	2012	2013
Age, years
<40	Reference	Reference	Reference
40–64	0.82 (0.60–1.13)	0.75 (0.55–1.03)	0.78 (0.58–1.05)
≥65	0.47 (0.31–0.70)	0.76 (0.50–1.15)	0.60 (0.42–0.88)
Gender, female	0.95 (0.72–1.24)	0.94 (0.72–1.24)	0.99 (0.76–1.30)
Married	1.20 (0.91–1.58)	1.06 (0.80–1.40)	1.07 (0.82–1.40)
Child in house	1.05 (0.79–1.40)	1.18 (0.88–1.58)	1.01 (0.77–1.33)
Education
≤High school graduate	Reference	Reference	Reference
Some college	1.47 (1.02–2.11)	1.36 (0.94–1.98)	1.22 (0.85–1.74)
≥College graduate	2.21 (1.59–3.08)	2.58 (1.82–3.65)	1.86 (1.34–2.57)
Hispanic/Latino	0.65 (0.39–1.10)	1.11 (0.65–1.91)	1.31 (0.80–2.13)
Race, black	1.08 (0.73–1.60)	1.24 (0.81–1.89)	0.86 (0.58–1.29)
Household income
<$50,000	Reference	Reference	Reference
$50,000 to <$100,000	1.31 (0.59–1.80)	1.67 (1.22–2.28)	1.17 (0.86–1.58)
≥$100,000	1.76 (1.24–2.50)	2.09 (1.43–3.05)	1.46 (1.04–2.02)
Employment
Employed	Reference	Reference	Reference
Unemployed	0.82 (0.55–1.23)	0.90 (0.62–1.32)	0.90 (0.60–1.35)
Disabled	0.57 (0.30–1.10)	0.37 (0.21–0.64)	1.74 (0.94–3.22)
Retired	0.63 (0.45–0.88)	0.76 (0.52–1.10)	0.65 (0.44–0.96)
Political orientation
Moderate	Reference	Reference	Reference
Liberal	1.07 (0.76–1.51)	1.73 (1.20–2.48)	1.49 (1.07–2.07)
Conservative	0.76 (0.56–1.05)	1.08 (0.77–1.50)	0.96 (0.69–1.32)
Uses Internet daily	2.18 (1.61–2.96)	3.16 (2.29–4.38)	1.73 (1.66–2.36)
Good/excellent health	1.52 (1.03–2.24)	1.22 (0.82–1.83)	1.23 (0.83–1.83)
Doctor uses EHR	1.91 (1.45–2.52)	1.67 (1.26–2.22)	1.31 (0.98–1.74)
Believes EHRs will worsen privacy	0.47 (0.35–0.62)	0.52 (0.39–0.68)	0.50 (0.38–0.66)

EHR indicates electronic health record; OR, odds ratio.

Bolding indicates statistically significant ORs (those in which the CI did not cross 1).