Table 3. Associations between number of frailty symptoms and employment outcomes and perceptions.

Outcomes	N (%) with work outcome among participants with no frailty symptoms	Risk factor
		‘Pre-frail’ (1-2 vs. 0 symptoms)			‘Frail’ (3-5 vs. 0 symptoms)
		N (%) positive	OR (95% CI)	PAF	N (%) positive	OR (95% CI)	PAF
Entire Sample (n =8,095)
Not in work vs. in work	1468 (28.1)	906 (35.4)	1.4 (1.2,1.6)	9.7%	235 (75.1)	10.5 (7.9,14.1)	8.2%
Left for a health reason vs. not	280 (5.4)	433 (16.9)	3.7 (3.1,4.3)	34.9%	189 (60.4)	30.0 (23.0,39.2)	20.3%
Those in work (n=5,486)
Sick leave, days past 12 months (max n=5,457):
Any vs. none	1468 (39.4)	827 (50.8)	1.5 (1.4,1.7)	12.2%	54 (70.1)	3.4 (2.1,5.5)	1.6%
>20 days vs. ≤20 days	168 (4.5)	169 (10.4)	2.5 (2.0,3.1)	27.6%	26 (33.8)	10.7 (6.5,17.7)	6.5%
Cut down on work, past 12 months:
Any vs. none	787 (21.1)	596 (36.5)	2.2 (1.9,2.4)	22.2%	56 (72.7)	10.0 (6.0,16.6)	3.5%
A lot vs. not a lot (none/a little)	128 (3.4)	155 (9.5)	3.0 (2.3,3.8)	33.0%	29 (37.7)	17.2 (10.5,28.4)	8.8%
Coping with work’s physical demands (vs. easily):
With some/great difficulty	848 (22.9)	691 (42.0)	2.4 (2.2,2.8)	25.5%	61 (81.3)	14.8 (8.2,26.6)	3.6%
Coping with work’s mental demands (vs. easily):
With some/great difficulty	1029 (27.9)	640 (38.9)	1.7 (1.5,1.9)	14.8%	47 (62.7)	4.5 (2.8,7.3)	2.1%
Expecting to be able to cope in 2 years’ time (vs. yes):
No/not sure	717 (19.4)	566 (34.6)	2.1 (1.9,2.4)	22.3%	59 (78.7)	14.5 (8.2,25.4)	4.1%
Lying awake at night worrying about work (vs. sometimes/rarely/never):
Often	375 (10.1)	300 (18.2)	2.0 (1.7,2.3)	20.8%	28 (36.8)	1.2 (1.0,1.4)	3.2%
Job security (vs. secure/very secure):
Insecure/very insecure	671 (18.2)	341 (20.8)	5.1 (3.2,8.3)	5.6%	29 (38.7)	3.0 (1.9,4.8)	1.9%

PAF – population attributable fraction; all estimates are adjusted for age and gender