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. 2017 Jun 19;8:1127. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01127

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Copyright © 2017 Degrune, Theodorakopoulos, Colinet, Hiel, Bodson, Taminiau, Daube, Vandenbol and Hartmann.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Effects of tillage regime and growing season on bacterial and fungal β- (A) and α-diversity (B). The principal coordinate analyses (PCO) ordination axes PCO1 and PCO2 represent 11 and 10% of the bacterial community variation, respectively, and 19 and 12% of the fungal community variation, respectively. Tillage regime is represented by color code with CT = red and RT = green and growing season is represented by letters with s = seedling, l = leaf development, f = flowering, t = tillering, g = grain filling. s, l, and f correspond to early, intermediate and late stage of V. faba, and t and g correspond to early and late stage of T. aestivum. Test statistics for assessing the heterogeneity of variance for tillage effect as assessed by PERMDISP are provied in the plots. The significant changes are labeled by asterisks: ^∗p < 0.05, ^∗∗p < 0.01, ^∗∗∗p < 0.001).