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. 2017 Jun 19;8:340. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00340

FIGURE 1.

FIGURE 1

DR extract rescues memory deficits in 5XFAD mice. (A) Time course of the experiments. (B–E) Effects of DR extract on the open-field test, object recognition memory, object location memory, and episodic-like memory. Six- to eight-month-old wild-type mice and 5XFAD mice were used (n = 3–5). (B) Total distance moved (within 10 min) in the open-field test. (C) Object recognition test. The preference indices for objects A’ (training session) and B (test session) were quantified. p < 0.0001, drug × time interaction was analyzed using repeated measures two-way ANOVA, F(4,15) = 13.18. ∗p < 0.05, post hoc Bonferroni test. (D) Object location test. The preference indices for objects C1 (training session) and C1’ (test session) were quantified. p = 0.007, drug × time interaction was analyzed using repeated measures two-way ANOVA, F(4,15) = 5.34. ∗p < 0.05, post hoc Bonferroni test. (E) Episodic-like memory test. (E1) Time schedule of ELM. (E2) The preference indices for objects D4’ plus D2 (test session) were quantified. ∗p < 0.05, one-way ANOVA post hoc Bonferroni test. (E3) The preference indices for objects D2 (black columns) and D4’ (red columns) were also quantified. #p < 0.05, two-way ANOVA post hoc Bonferroni test. ∗p < 0.05, one-way ANOVA post hoc Bonferroni test.