FIGURE 4.

Advanced oxidative protein products–RSA induced mitochondrial dysfunction in primary DRG neurons. (A) The mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was observed in AOPPs-treated DRG neurons. The cells were incubated with 100 μg/mL AOPPs–RSA for 24 h and then JC-1 dye for 20 min. The cells were observed using a confocal laser scanning microscope system and demonstrated an AOPPs-dependent MMP loss in a dose-dependent manner, scale bar, 20 μm. (B–G) Proapoptotic Bax increased and antiapoptotic Bcl-2 decreased from 12 h; prolonged incubation and a higher concentration of AOPPs–RSA increased the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. (H,I) Cytochrome c increased in AOPPs-treated DRg neurons. Data represent mean ± SEM of at least 3 independent experiments. ^∗P < 0.05 versus control group. ^#P < 0.05 versus AOPPs–RSA group.