Table 4.
Anti-allergic data of fatty acids.
| Anti-allergic assaya | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| A23187-induced | Antigen-induced | ||
| Name | Abbreviation | IC50 (μM)b | IC50 (μM)b |
| Palmitic acid | C16:0 | >1,000c | >1,000c |
| Palmitic acid methyl ester | C16:0, me | >1,000 | >1,000 |
| Stearic acid | C18:0 | >1,000d | >1,000d |
| Stearic acid methyl ester | C18:0, me | >1,000 | >1,000 |
| Undecylenic acid | C11:1n-1 | >500e | >500e |
| Undecylenic acid methyl ester | C11:1n-1, me | >1,000 | >1,000 |
| cis-Vaccenic acid | C18:1n-7 | >500e | >500e |
| cis-Vaccenic acid methyl ester | C18:1n-7, me | >1,000 | >1,000 |
| Oleic acid | C18:1n-9 | >500e | >500e |
| Oleic acid methyl ester | C18:1n-9, me | >1,000 | >1,000 |
| Petroselinic acid | C18:1n-12 | >500e | >500e |
| Petroselinic acid methyl ester | C18:1n-12, me | >1,000 | >1,000 |
| Linoleic acid | C18:2n-6 | >500e | >500e |
| Linoleic acid methyl ester | C18:2n-6, me | >500e | >500e |
| Conjugated (9Z,11E)-linoleic acid | C18:2n-7 | >200f | >200f |
| α-Linolenic acid | C18:3n-3 | >200f | >200f |
| α-Linolenic acid methyl ester | C18:3n-3, me | >500e | >500e |
| γ-Linolenic acid | C18:3n-6 | >200f | >200f |
| cis-5,8,11,14,17-Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) | C20:5n-3 | >200f | >200f |
| cis-4,7,10,13,16,19-Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) | C22:6n-3 | >200f | >200f |
| 2-Hydroxystearic acid | C18:0, 2-OH | >200g | >200g |
| 12-Hydroxystearic acid | C18:0, 12-OH | 162.9g | >200g |
| 12-Hydroxystearic acid methyl ester | C18:0, 12-OH, me | 491.2 | >1,000 |
| 12-Oxostearic acid methyl ester | C18:0, 12-oxo, me | >1,000h | >1,000h |
| 2-Hydroxy-9Z-octadecenoic acid (minerval, 2OHOA) | C18:1n-9, cis, 2-OH | >1,000i | >1,000i |
| 12R-Hydroxy-9Z-octadecenoic acid (ricinoleic acid) | C18:1n-9, cis, 12-OH | >200f | >200f |
| 12R-Hydroxy-9Z-octadecenoic acid (ricinoleic acid) methyl ester | C18:1n-9, cis, 12-OH, me | >1,000j | 913.0 |
| 12R-Hydroxy-9E-octadecenoic acid (ricinelaidic acid) | C18:1n-9, trans, 12-OH | >500e | >500e |
| 12R-Hydroxy-9Z,13E-octadecadienoic acid methyl ester (1) | C18:2n-5, 12-OH, me | 146.4f | 153.0f |
| 9S-Hydroxy-10E,12Z-octadecadienoic acid (9(S)-HODE) | C18:2n-6, 9-OH | 92.4k | 49.7k |
| 10R-Hydroxy-8E,12Z-octadecadienoic acid methyl ester (2) | C18:2n-6, 10-OH, me | 181.5f | 154.1f |
| Dexamethasone | 80% at 10 nM | 62% at 10 nM | |
The inhibition of degranulation was assessed by A23187- or antigen-induced β-hexosaminidase release assays in RBL-2H3 cells; IC50 values; results are presented as mean (n = 3); compared with the control value (A23187 or antigen). For detail information about cytotoxicity toward RBL-2H3 cells and degranulation inhibitory data (1μM–1,000 μM) please refer to Table S1 in Supporting information.
IC50 values express the concentration of the sample required to inhibit degranulation by 50%.
Palmitic acid exerted significant inhibitory activity in both A23187- (29.7 ± 4.7%) and antigen-induced (40.7 ± 3.8%) degranulation assay at 1,000 μM.
Stearic acid exerted significant inhibitory activity in both A23187- (35.3 ± 2.3%) and antigen-induced (45.3 ± 1.2%) degranulation assay at 1,000 μM.
Sample exerted cytotoxic effects (viability <80%) toward RBL-2H3 cells at concentrations higher than 500 μM.
Sample exerted cytotoxic effects (viability <80%) toward RBL-2H3 cells at concentrations higher than 200 μM.
Micelles were formed upon addition into the medium at concentrations above 200 μM, therefore the results at these concentrations couldn't be justified.
12-Oxostearic acid methyl ester exerted significant inhibitory activity in both A23187- (40.3 ± 3.5%) and antigen-induced (23.7 ± 3.1%) degranulation assay at 1,000 μM.
Minerval (2OHOA) exerted significant inhibitory activity in both A23187- (20.0 ± 4.4%) and antigen-induced (20.3 ± 3.1%) degranulation assay at 1,000 μM.
Ricinoleic acid methyl ester exerted significant inhibitory activity in A23187-induced (43.0 ± 2.6%) degranulation assay at 1,000 μM.
The highest tested concentration of 9(S)HODE was 100 μM.